Authentic

Lessons from Cicero

Three Angels Broadcasting Network

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Series Code: AU

Program Code: AU000049S


00:00 - Here in North America,
00:02 trust in the government seems to be at an all-time low.
00:04 And unfortunately, that also means that some people
00:07 are calling the court system into question,
00:09 the one branch of government
00:11 that's supposed to be impartial.
00:12 Today on "Authentic," what in the world
00:14 can you actually trust?
00:17 [mellow music]
00:38 A little more than a generation before the birth of Christ,
00:41 one of the most important court cases
00:42 in the history of Western civilization went down,
00:46 and it revealed to the public something
00:47 they kind of already knew.
00:50 The system that was governing them was corrupt.
00:54 It happened during the days of the Roman Republic
00:56 when the state was notoriously plagued by civil war.
01:00 And in many ways, this court case contributed
01:03 at least somewhat to the decline of the republic
01:06 and the relatively peaceful empire mode
01:09 that was established by Augustus Caesar.
01:12 The records from this ancient case are remarkably detailed,
01:15 and they provide historians with some really important
01:18 insights into how the Roman Republic was actually governed.
01:22 And it all began with a very corrupt individual
01:25 named Gaius Verres.
01:27 Sometimes you'll see his name as Caius with a C,
01:30 but most of the time, Gaius with a G.
01:33 Gaius was born to a fairly high ranking member
01:36 of Roman society, which probably gave him
01:38 a taste for the good life.
01:40 According to some records, or more accurately,
01:43 according to some accusations,
01:45 his father was less than honest,
01:47 which probably also taught him corruption.
01:51 In time, Gaius Verres began to climb
01:53 through the ranks of Roman society,
01:55 and he quickly realized that his position in power
01:57 gave him the ability to plunder other people's goods,
02:00 to accumulate wealth for himself.
02:03 He became a legatus, or a high ranking officer
02:06 to the governor of Sicilia,
02:08 where he used his position to start robbing pagan temples,
02:12 taking the expensive statues and pictures.
02:15 On top of that, he soon realized that his power
02:17 also gave him the ability to exercise his lust for women,
02:22 any women, married or not, with little danger of recourse.
02:26 This guy was, to put it mildly, a really bad man.
02:31 But the world being what it is,
02:33 bad men often get nice promotions.
02:35 And before long, he made his way to the city of Rome,
02:38 where he obtained a judicial office
02:40 that gave him oversight of civil litigation.
02:43 And of course, that enabled him to extort money
02:46 from both parties in any given case.
02:48 It was an elected position, and from what we can tell,
02:51 he got the job through bribery, forking out something like
02:55 300,000 Roman sesterces to various individuals.
03:00 That was a small fortune.
03:02 He was also in charge of overseeing public construction
03:05 in the city of Rome, which made it possible for him
03:08 to extort money from contractors.
03:11 What he would do when a project was getting close
03:14 to completion was send an inspector with instructions
03:16 to find something wrong, anything.
03:19 And then he accepted bribe money from the contractor
03:22 who couldn't get paid unless Verres
03:24 signed off on the project.
03:27 So then in 73 BC, he suddenly became the governor of Sicily,
03:33 a rich province with all kinds of potential for plunder.
03:35 Over the next three years, Verres stayed true to form.
03:39 He misused the courts for personal gain.
03:41 He extorted money from landowners and farmers.
03:45 He plundered artwork from temples and from private citizens.
03:48 He illegally took a slice of every inheritance.
03:52 He forced the local government
03:54 to make a gold statue in his honor.
03:56 He illegally tortured and executed Roman citizens.
04:00 And he made an absolute wreck of the Roman navy.
04:03 He was the most corrupt governor
04:06 the republican had ever seen.
04:08 So after his departure in the year 70 BC,
04:11 he was eventually put on trial.
04:14 And unfortunately for Verres, the prosecutor
04:16 in this case was Cicero, a man whose rhetorical prowess
04:20 is still being studied in classrooms to this day.
04:23 Cicero accused various of unbridled corruption.
04:27 And then he asked the court to give him time
04:29 to assemble a case.
04:30 He was given 110 days, 50 of which were spent
04:34 collecting evidence and interviewing witnesses in Sicily.
04:37 And every step of the way, Cicero was hindered
04:41 by Verres's friends.
04:42 Fortunately, however, for the cause of justice,
04:45 Cicero was relentless.
04:48 To his delight, the chief magistrate appointed to this case
04:51 was a guy by the name of Glabrio,
04:53 a man considered completely incorruptible.
04:56 I mean, everybody knew there was no chance
04:58 you could scare Glabrio or bribe him.
05:00 Now, of course, that terrified the crooked Verres
05:03 because his only hope of getting an acquittal
05:07 was by resorting to corruption.
05:09 So his representative, a guy by the name of Hortensius,
05:12 tried to stall the case, why?
05:15 Well, Glabrio's term as judge was over
05:17 by the end of the year.
05:18 And if they could kick the can down the road
05:20 to the new year, they would get a different judge.
05:22 And hopefully, one who could be bribed.
05:27 Aware of this, Cicero shortened the initial hearings
05:29 dramatically, making a single speech that exposed
05:32 the corrupt plans of Verres and challenged the court
05:34 to consider the fact that very few people trusted them
05:38 because, well, everybody realized that wealthy and powerful
05:41 people seldom ever got a conviction in that court.
05:44 They were obviously favoring their powerful friends,
05:48 and even taking bribes.
05:50 "I will present such a convincing case," Cicero argued,
05:53 "that if you don't convict Gaius Verres,
05:55 you'll be condemning your own character."
05:58 Now, from what I can tell, and I'm no legal scholar,
06:02 but from what I can tell, Cicero then used a technique
06:05 that was brand-new at the time,
06:06 at least to my understanding.
06:08 He called witnesses from Sicily
06:10 and interviewed them in front of the court,
06:12 allowing the defense to cross examine.
06:14 That's what you and I expect,
06:16 especially in movies that feature a courtroom drama.
06:19 But Cicero seems to write that he was implementing
06:21 something brand-new when he did that.
06:24 The process went on for nine days,
06:25 and the evidence he produced against Verres
06:27 was so compelling that Verres's own lawyer panicked
06:32 and suggested that the crooked governor
06:33 should probably disappear before the trial was over.
06:37 Verres took that advice and went to modern-day Marseilles,
06:39 where I believe he spent the rest of his days.
06:44 Now, here's what I want you to see in this case.
06:46 There's an important feature in Cicero's arguments
06:49 that still rings true in our world.
06:51 He makes a very clear case for Verres's corruption,
06:55 bringing out credible witnesses for every single accusation.
06:59 But he also makes the case
07:01 that the court itself was on trial.
07:04 Let me show you what I mean.
07:05 Cicero states that this trial was a potential gift
07:08 from the gods, a way for the court to redeem its reputation
07:12 because the people believed it was corrupt.
07:15 He says, "For an opinion has now become established,
07:19 pernicious to us and pernicious to the republic,
07:22 which has been the common talk of everyone,
07:24 not only at Rome, but among foreign nations also,
07:28 that in the courts of law as they exist at present,
07:30 no wealthy man, however guilty he may be,
07:33 can possibly be convicted."
07:36 In other words, everybody knew the rich
07:38 and powerful never got a conviction.
07:41 It's not unlike the sentiment that plagues our system now.
07:45 A lot of people now suspect rather strongly that one way
07:48 or another, our courts are stacked, and there's little hope
07:52 of actual justice for the average person.
07:54 The rich and powerful never seem to pay their dues,
07:57 and the rest of us seem powerless to stop it.
08:01 That's the way it was in Cicero's day.
08:02 And a little later, this is what he says.
08:06 "This is a trial in which you'll be deciding
08:08 about the defendant, the Roman people, about you.
08:12 By the example of what happens to this man,
08:15 it will be determined whether, when senators are the judges,
08:18 a very guilty and a very rich man can be condemned."
08:22 So in other words, there are two trials
08:24 taking place at the same time.
08:26 On the one hand, they will be considering
08:28 the case of the crooked governor.
08:30 But on the other hand, the people will be judging them.
08:33 "I hope," says Cicero, "that the only wickedness
08:36 found in these proceedings will be those of the defendant.
08:39 "But now," he says, men are on the watch towers.
08:43 They observe how every one of you behaves himself
08:45 in respecting religion and in preserving the laws."
08:51 You can see this was not an ordinary trial.
08:53 Gaius Verres was really a proxy for the whole Roman system,
08:57 which means that the republic itself was on trial.
09:00 Would the judges be as corrupt as people thought,
09:04 or would this be a real trial, a real display of justice?
09:08 And that is still one of the most important questions
09:11 in the world, so I'll be right back after this
09:14 to explore it just a little bit more.
09:19 [gentle music]
09:20 - [Announcer] Life can throw a lot at us.
09:22 Sometimes we don't have all the answers.
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09:50 - The case against Gaius Verres was so obvious,
09:53 so compelling, that even the most corrupt judges
09:56 wouldn't dare rule in his favor.
09:58 By acquitting such an obvious criminal,
10:01 they'd be condemning themselves.
10:02 And Cicero had made it obvious that this time
10:05 public trust was on the line.
10:07 The condemned man ran away. He hidden the hinterlands.
10:10 And in 43 BC, Mark Antony went after him
10:13 to get the artwork he had stolen.
10:16 Verres refused to give it back, and so from what I can tell,
10:19 he was summarily executed.
10:21 Justice had finally been done.
10:24 But the questions raised by Cicero
10:26 continue to plague our world to this day.
10:28 Can we really trust the system in a world
10:31 where power and money continue to produce results
10:34 that should never, ever happen?
10:36 Do we live under a fair government, a just system of laws?
10:40 Or is there one set of laws for the elites of this world,
10:42 and another set for you and me?
10:44 Now, honestly, even if the courts were perfectly fair,
10:47 and I think for the most part they tend to be,
10:50 but if public perception says they're not,
10:52 then we've got a really serious problem.
10:55 When public trust disintegrates,
10:57 the stability of society begins to corrode.
11:00 And that's something that's clearly going on
11:02 all over the world right now.
11:04 Public trust in government has been declining now for years.
11:08 In 2014, Pew Research discovered that 81% of Americans
11:13 were either angry or frustrated with the federal government.
11:17 And only 24% said they trusted government.
11:20 Fortunately, according to a 2019 survey by Annenberg,
11:24 a little more than 2/3 of people say
11:26 they still trust the Supreme Court.
11:28 But 57% did say that it had become too political.
11:33 And in recent months, the Supreme Court
11:35 has become yet another political football.
11:38 And of course, what that all means is that our generation
11:41 is a lot like the generations that came before us.
11:44 None of us in the history of this world
11:46 has ever produced a utopia.
11:49 Human government has been constructed by human beings
11:52 who are inherently self-interested.
11:54 And it is the very rare person, indeed,
11:57 who continues to serve the public
11:58 with absolutely no regard for self.
12:01 We just don't have that many altruists in the world.
12:04 And that's one of the major points being made
12:06 in the Old Testament Book of Daniel.
12:09 The Hebrew people had been brought
12:11 into a covenant relationship with God,
12:13 declaring him to be their only sovereign.
12:16 But as time progressed, they demanded human forms
12:19 of government so they could be like other nations.
12:22 And then they became plagued by the same corruption
12:24 that goes with human government.
12:26 So in the end, as the Hebrews persisted
12:29 in this political rebellion against God,
12:32 God just released them to their wishes.
12:34 He allowed them to go and live in a world
12:36 that was run by Gentile kings,
12:38 which is one of the big points in Daniel chapter 7,
12:42 where the prophet sees a series of strange-looking animals
12:45 coming up out of the sea and walking up on the land.
12:48 These animals represented various Gentile kingdoms
12:51 that Israel would have to live under
12:53 from that point forward.
12:55 The Babylonians, the Persians, the Greeks, and the Romans.
12:59 In fact, the vision continues all the way down
13:02 to the final judgment, where the kingdom of God
13:04 is reestablished and real justice is finally restored.
13:09 What this prophetic passage does is remind readers
13:11 that all of us are sleeping in a bed
13:14 that we made for ourselves, and there are consequences
13:17 to our desire for self-sufficiency.
13:20 And of course, when you bring up the subject
13:22 of a final judgment, a lot of people raise
13:25 exactly the same question Cicero did.
13:28 Can we really trust the court to be fair?
13:31 And by that, we're talking about God's court.
13:35 There's a story in the Old Testament that really highlights
13:37 this question, the story of Sodom and Gomorrah.
13:41 Before destroying these wicked cities,
13:43 God approached Abraham to discuss his plans,
13:46 because after all, Abraham had been told
13:49 that he and his descendants would inherit the lands
13:51 where Sodom and Gomorrah were standing.
13:53 This was gonna be their new home.
13:56 So let's pick up that story in Genesis chapter 18,
14:00 where God is discussing the fate of these wicked cities.
14:03 And I think you're gonna find this really interesting.
14:06 It says, "And the Lord said, 'Shall I hide from Abraham
14:10 What I'm doing, since Abraham shall surely
14:13 become a great and mighty nation,
14:15 and all the nations of the earth shall be blessed in him?
14:18 For I have known him, in order that he may command
14:21 his children and his household after him,
14:23 that they may keep the way of the Lord
14:25 to do righteousness and justice, that the Lord
14:28 may bring to Abraham what he has spoken to him.'"
14:33 And here's what I want you to consider.
14:35 There is no reason that God was required
14:38 to explain himself to Abraham.
14:40 As the creator, God could do whatever he wanted.
14:43 But he chose to disclose his plans
14:45 to a mere human being in spite of that.
14:49 I mean, Abraham was a person who couldn't possibly hope
14:53 to see the situation from God's perspective,
14:55 but in spite of that, God brought him into the loop.
14:58 I'm not gonna hide what I'm gonna do
15:00 from Abraham, God says.
15:02 The story continues down in verse 20.
15:05 "And the Lord said, 'Because the outcry
15:08 against Sodom and Gomorrah is great,
15:10 and because their sin is very grave,
15:12 I will go down now and see whether they have done
15:14 altogether according to the outcry against it
15:18 that has come to me, and if not, I will know.'"
15:22 In other words, the behavior of these two cities
15:25 was so outrageous at this point that they'd become notorious
15:29 even in the courts of heaven.
15:31 And there was just no escaping the fact
15:33 that something had to be done.
15:36 Verse 23, "And Abraham came near and said,
15:39 'Would you also destroy the righteous with the wicked?
15:43 Suppose there were 50 righteous within the city.
15:46 Would you also destroy the place and not spare it
15:48 for the 50 righteous that were in it?'"
15:51 And here comes the really important part.
15:53 "Far be it," Abraham says, "from you to do such a thing
15:56 as this, to slay the righteous with the wicked
15:59 so that the righteous should be as the wicked.
16:01 Far be it from you!
16:03 Shall not the judge of all the earth do right?"
16:08 This is the part of the story that reminded me of Cicero
16:10 and the case against Gaius Verres.
16:14 Cicero reminded the court that it wasn't just
16:16 a criminal being tried., the system itself was on trial.
16:20 And Abraham basically says the same thing.
16:23 Lord, if you do the wrong thing here,
16:24 your reputation as a righteous judge is going to be ruined.
16:28 Shall not the judge of all the earth do right?
16:31 Now, what's interesting about this is that the dialogue
16:35 you find in this chapter spends more time judging God
16:38 than it does Sodom and Gomorrah.
16:40 Abraham says, what if there were 50 righteous in that city?
16:44 I know what kind of God you are.
16:45 If there were 50 good people, you wouldn't do this.
16:49 And then God says, well, Abraham you're right.
16:51 I wouldn't, but there aren't 50 righteous people.
16:54 So Abraham drops the number to 45, and then 40
16:57 and 30 and 20, and finally, 10,
17:00 if there are 10 righteous people.
17:02 But of course there are no righteous people,
17:04 and it turns out that God's verdict is just.
17:08 So the really big question here is not so much
17:10 the injustice of these cities, but the justice of God.
17:14 There are two important things going on at the same time.
17:17 The criminals are being tried. That's for sure.
17:20 But so is the court.
17:22 And given the incredibly long litany of complaints
17:24 that human beings have lodged against God and his justice,
17:28 you've got to know that this story with Abraham
17:31 might just be foreshadowing
17:33 the work of God's final judgment.
17:36 I'll be right back after this.
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18:11 - There's a really serious problem with the way
18:13 that you and I try to assess the character of God,
18:16 and it has to do with our, well,
18:18 rather limited body of knowledge.
18:21 I mean, it's one thing for an all-powerful, all-knowing God
18:24 to judge me, but how could I possibly hope to judge him?
18:30 It's a question that shows up in what might be
18:32 the oldest book of the Bible, the Book of Job.
18:35 Most people know this story pretty well.
18:37 Job is unfairly, unjustly afflicted
18:41 through no fault of his own.
18:42 He loses his wealth, he loses his family,
18:45 he loses his health.
18:47 His friends of course assume that somehow
18:48 this has got to be Job's fault, because otherwise
18:52 they can't imagine why all this stuff would happen.
18:54 And of course in time, Job begins to suspect
18:58 that maybe something is wrong.
19:00 And he begins to ask the same kinds of questions
19:02 you and I ask when life becomes unfair.
19:05 So in Job chapter 38, we find one of the most
19:08 astonishing accounts ever put to paper.
19:11 God himself appears, and he begins to question Job.
19:16 Here's what it says.
19:18 "Then the Lord answered Job out of the whirlwind, and said,
19:21 'Who is this who darkens counsel by words without knowledge?
19:25 Now, prepare yourself like a man.
19:28 I will question you, and you shall answer me.
19:32 Where were you when I laid the foundations of the earth?
19:35 Tell me, if you have understanding."
19:38 And then the questioning goes on for several pages.
19:41 And I would probably, if I was Job,
19:43 I would probably wither under this kind of questioning
19:46 because God obviously has a big point here.
19:49 You and I just don't know very much.
19:53 There's an old saying that true wisdom
19:55 consists of knowing that you know nothing,
19:57 which is often attributed to Socrates,
19:59 although he never actually spoke those words.
20:03 Yet, there's some truth to that.
20:05 Eventually life has a way of showing you
20:07 how little you really know.
20:09 The older you get, the less sure of yourself you get.
20:12 And the more the human race discovers about the universe,
20:15 the more that principle proves to be true.
20:18 So judging God is a pretty ambitious undertaking,
20:21 to say the least.
20:23 But that doesn't mean that God isn't interested
20:26 in demonstrating his justice or proving it to us.
20:30 I mean, he doesn't have to explain himself, but he does.
20:34 1 Samuel 16, verse 7 says, "The Lord does not see
20:37 as man sees, for man looks at the outward appearance,
20:41 but the Lord looks at the heart."
20:44 God is telling us that he's trustworthy and fair.
20:48 You and I make horrible mistakes when we judge other people
20:51 because we use all the wrong criteria,
20:54 and the truth of a person's character is often
20:57 hidden away from our sight.
21:00 At the end of the day, you and I just aren't mind readers.
21:03 But God is able to weigh the entire person.
21:08 And you know, even then,
21:10 he doesn't ask us to trust him blindly.
21:12 A few moments ago, I referred to those Gentile kingdoms
21:15 you read about in Daniel 7, and I mentioned
21:17 that the sequence of worldly government
21:19 ends with a final judgment.
21:22 So let me show you something fascinating
21:24 about the way that Daniel describes that judgment.
21:28 "I watched till thrones were put in place
21:30 and the Ancient of Days was seated.
21:32 His garment was white as snow,
21:34 and the hair of his head was like pure wool.
21:37 His throne was a fiery flame, and its wheels,
21:39 a burning fire.
21:41 A fiery stream issued and came forth from before him."
21:44 So this is a pretty solemn scene to say the least.
21:47 "A thousand thousands ministered to him,
21:49 10,000 times 10,000 stood before him."
21:53 Now, most commentators believe those thousands,
21:55 that's a reference to angels.
21:57 So now watch this, "The court was seated
22:01 and the books were opened."
22:04 Now, here's what I want you to think about.
22:06 Why in the world would an omniscient,
22:08 all-knowing God need books?
22:11 Wouldn't he already know everything?
22:12 Wouldn't he know what was in the books?
22:15 Well, the answer's yes,
22:16 but God's not the only party to this process.
22:19 It says a vast multitude is gathered around the throne.
22:22 And of course, those beings are not omniscient.
22:26 So what this is telling us, frankly,
22:28 is that God plans to show the universe everything.
22:31 He doesn't have to. We certainly don't deserve it.
22:35 But he's not afraid to show us the truth
22:37 because his court is not corrupt,
22:40 and the judgment is going to prove it.
22:43 And because of that, and here's the big idea,
22:46 we can leave the judging to God.
22:48 I mean, listen to this important statement
22:50 from the apostle Paul.
22:52 He writes, "Therefore judge nothing before the time,
22:55 until the Lord comes, who will both bring to light
22:58 the hidden things of darkness
23:00 and reveal the counsels of the hearts.
23:02 Then each one's praise will come from God."
23:06 What God promises is full disclosure.
23:10 And I don't know about you, but I have two minds about that.
23:13 On the one hand to finally have the unvarnished truth
23:16 about everybody and everything,
23:19 that's gonna be a huge relief.
23:21 I mean, most of us can't even imagine living in a world
23:23 where everybody is honest and everything is transparent.
23:27 Every election cycle, we hear more and more promises
23:30 that somebody is going to form, quote,
23:33 the most transparent government in history.
23:36 But you know full well it never happens.
23:38 So on the one hand, yeah. Bring it on.
23:41 Give me the unvarnished truth about absolutely everything.
23:45 But of course, that would also mean
23:47 the unvarnished truth about me.
23:50 And I have to suppose if there's gonna be full disclosure,
23:53 that the future will be kinder to people
23:55 who choose to live honestly.
23:58 Now, of course, living honestly is a really tall order
24:01 in a crooked world, because the right thing
24:03 is almost never the easy thing.
24:06 Jesus once said, "Let your yes be yes, and your no, no.
24:09 For whatever is more than these is from the evil one."
24:13 He was telling us that honesty matters,
24:15 transparency matters, and dishonesty is going to be exposed.
24:22 In fact, those who have been profiting by their dishonesty,
24:24 Jesus said, "Therefore whatever you have spoken
24:26 in the dark will be heard in the light.
24:29 And what you have spoken in the ear in inner rooms
24:31 will be proclaimed on the housetops."
24:35 All right, time for one last break.
24:36 I'll be right back after this.
24:42 - [Announcer] Dragons, beasts, cryptic statues.
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25:12 - Let your yes be yes, and your no be no.
25:14 It's not unlike the advice that Cicero gave the judges
25:17 right before he exposed the corruption of Gaius Verres.
25:21 He knew full well that Verres had been trying to bribe
25:24 these judges, and so he told them this.
25:26 Quote, "I promise the Roman people that this shall be
25:28 the most honorable and the fairest
25:30 employment of my aedileship."
25:32 That was the public office Cicero had.
25:35 "I warn, I forewarn, I give notice beforehand to those men
25:38 who are wont either to put money down,
25:40 to undertake for others, to receive money,
25:43 or to promise money, or to act as agents in bribery,
25:46 as go-betweens in corrupting the seat of judgment,
25:48 and who have promised their influence or their impudence
25:51 in aid of such a business, in this trial
25:54 to keep their hands and inclinations
25:56 from this nefarious wickedness."
25:59 In other words, the case against Verres
26:01 was gonna be so compelling that anybody found
26:03 defending this man was gonna look pretty wicked himself.
26:07 It would be obvious to everybody that he'd allowed himself
26:10 to be unduly influenced.
26:13 And that's why this is one of the most important
26:15 trials in history.
26:16 It was not just a matter of one wicked man.
26:19 There were plenty of wicked people in the halls of power.
26:22 But Gaius Verres was exceptional for one reason.
26:25 He became a type, a symbol of the entire system
26:28 which everybody knew was crooked.
26:30 And on this one occasion Cicero argued
26:33 the court had a chance to redeem itself.
26:36 He continued, "For an opinion has now become established,
26:40 pernicious to us, and pernicious to the republic,
26:42 which has been the common talk of everyone,
26:45 not only at Rome, but among foreign nations also,
26:48 that in the courts of law as they exist at present,
26:50 no wealthy man, however guilty he may be,
26:53 can possibly be convicted."
26:55 Would the court be just, or would it be corrupt?
27:00 And so it goes with the government of God.
27:02 Everybody knows something is wrong with this world.
27:04 We can see the corruption, the abuse of power,
27:07 the senseless suffering, and we wonder,
27:09 doesn't God see all this?
27:10 And if he does, why doesn't he do something?
27:13 The temptation is to get cynical, to mistrust God,
27:16 to assume he's also self-interested
27:18 and willing to abuse his power.
27:20 Why should we trust the ultimate judge? I'll tell you why.
27:27 It's because he didn't isolate himself from our pain.
27:28 He became one of us. He lived here.
27:30 He knows what this world is like.
27:32 And then he laid his life on the line to save you.
27:35 And then before it's all over, he says he's gonna
27:37 open the books and show you nothing
27:38 because he's got nothing to hide.
27:40 And after that, it says in the Book of Revelation,
27:43 "He reaches out and wipes away
27:44 your tears with his own hand.
27:47 He stacked everything in your favor.
27:49 That's why you can trust him.
27:51 If you haven't been reading this book,
27:53 maybe it's time to have a look and see what else
27:55 God has already shown us in the pages.
27:59 Thanks for joining me today.
28:01 I'm Shawn Boonstra and this has been
28:02 another episode of "Authentic."
28:05 [upbeat music]


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Revised 2022-09-27