Participants:
Series Code: PHR
Program Code: PHR000001S
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00:00 [soft music]
00:05 - [Announcer] And when he had opened the fourth seal, 00:08 I heard the voice of the fourth beast say, "come and see." 00:14 And I looked, and behold a pale horse, 00:18 and his name that sat on him was Death, 00:22 and Hell followed with him, 00:25 and power was given unto them 00:27 over the fourth part of the Earth, 00:29 to kill with sword, and with hunger, 00:32 and with death, and with the beasts of the earth. 00:36 [soft music] 00:38 - [Narrator] It is the late 4th Century AD. 00:41 The emperor Constantine, 00:42 the most successful Roman commander since Julius Caesar, 00:46 has now been in his grave for two generations. 00:49 The capital of the empire is firmly planted in the east, 00:53 in the thriving city of Constantinople, 00:56 named for the man who managed to unite a fractured empire. 01:00 The brutal persecution of Christians ended long ago 01:03 with the edict of Milan, 01:04 and the Roman Empire has become remarkably stable. 01:09 But all that is about to change, 01:11 because a ferocious tribe of unknown warriors 01:14 is spilling over the Asian steppes into Eastern Europe. 01:17 They are the Huns, 01:19 a people so dedicated to the art of fear 01:22 that they slash the faces of their newborn sons 01:25 just to teach them pain, 01:27 and to inspire terror in their enemies 01:30 when they grow up and become soldiers. 01:32 The people of eastern Europe panic. 01:34 The Goths, a barbarian tribe that long ago settled 01:37 into an agricultural life on the north side of the Danube 01:41 cannot defend themselves against the Huns. 01:43 They crumple in the face of invasion. 01:46 Desperate to save their lives, 01:48 they flee southward towards the Roman Empire. 01:51 Tens of thousands of frantic refugees 01:53 pile up against the border, 01:55 hoping to cross the Danube into safety. 01:58 The emperor Valens, ruling from Constantinople, 02:00 is sympathetic to the plight of the Goths 02:03 and he gives the migrants permission to cross the river 02:06 and settle on Roman land. 02:08 [dramatic music] 02:13 [tense music] 02:22 [tense music continues] 02:30 It should have been the end of the crisis, 02:32 but two Roman commanders charged with resettling the Goths 02:35 smell an opportunity. 02:37 Instead of giving the Goths the food and supply 02:39 sent over from the emperor, 02:41 instead they begin to sell those materials 02:43 at very exorbitant prices. 02:45 And when the desperate refugees 02:47 finally run out of silver and gold, 02:49 they begin to sell them dog meat 02:51 in exchange for their children as slaves. 02:54 The land they were promised never materializes. 02:57 The desperate Goths strike back. 03:00 [dark music] 03:04 Under the command of King Fritigern, 03:06 they suddenly pour across the Balkans 03:08 like a plague of locusts, looting and pillaging, 03:11 wreaking vengeance on the Romans 03:13 and skirmishing with Roman troops 03:14 at every available opportunity. 03:16 The emperor has no choice but to respond, 03:19 and confident that he could easily 03:21 squash the rebellion of mere barbarians, 03:24 he meets the Goths with the force of 30,000 men 03:27 just outside the city of Adrianople in August of 378 AD. 03:34 It is a battle for the ages, 03:36 still featured in military textbooks to this day. 03:39 The Romans should have won. 03:40 They outnumbered the less disciplined Goths 03:42 at least two to one, 03:45 but desperation is a powerful ally, 03:48 and the barbarian horde 03:50 shockingly defeat the greatest army on Earth. 03:53 The emperor's body, never found. 03:59 Not content with a victory in Eastern Europe, 04:01 and with a deep grudge simmering against the Romans, 04:05 the Goth start marching westward toward Italy. 04:08 Fritigern dies in 382. 04:11 A few years later, a young Visigoth named Alaric 04:13 takes his place and leads his people further west. 04:17 They arrived in Ravenna in 407, 04:20 which the Western emperor Honorius 04:22 has just made his administrative capital, 04:24 because it was easier to defend than his hometown of Milan. 04:28 Alaric attempts to negotiate with the Romans, 04:31 but he comes away empty handed. 04:34 He turns his men to the south 04:35 with his eyes on the greatest prize of all, 04:39 the mother city, Rome. 04:41 Less than a hundred years after the forces of Constantine 04:44 arrived on the shores of the Tiber River 04:46 and won the Battle of Milvian Bridge, 04:49 it is now barbarians, complete outsiders, 04:53 who are marching on the city of Rome. 04:56 [dramatic music] 05:06 [dramatic music continues] 05:15 The City of Seven Hills 05:17 is not only the symbolic center of the Roman Empire, 05:20 it is the biggest city in the world, 05:22 with a population of more than 800,000. 05:26 Early one morning, 408 AD, 05:29 the Romans wake up to their very worst nightmare, 05:33 actual barbarians at the gates. 05:36 For the next two years, 05:37 Alaric wages three separate sieges against the city, 05:40 and on August 24, 410, 05:42 the Goths ride into town through the Salarian gate. 05:45 For three full days they plunder and pillage, 05:48 taking everything they want. 05:50 The great buildings and artwork of Rome, 05:51 they get demolished, 05:53 because that stuff means nothing to barbarians. 05:56 The graves of great Roman emperors, 05:58 including Augustus Caesar, they're desecrated, 06:00 their ashes scattered unceremoniously to the wind. 06:04 It's not just devastating, it's humiliating. 06:09 [dramatic music] 06:13 The city is so completely ravaged, 06:16 that as the Goths prepared to leave and continue southward, 06:19 the citizens of the city protest 06:22 that they've been left with absolutely nothing. 06:25 How are we supposed to survive, they complain. 06:27 What will you leave us? 06:30 "Your lives," said Alaric. 06:32 "I will leave you your lives." 06:38 According to the people who were there, 06:39 that's exactly what happened. 06:42 Instead of the wholesale slaughter 06:43 that usually accompanied such conquests, 06:46 Alaric simply packed up and left town. 06:51 "My voice sticks in my throat," 06:52 wrote the famous Jerome from the city of Bethlehem 06:55 when he heard the news. 06:56 "And as I dictate, sobs choke my utterance. 07:00 The city which had taken the whole world was itself taken." 07:04 The greatest civilization in the history of the world 07:07 had just been humbled 07:08 by what many Romans considered a band of savages, 07:12 and it was the beginning of the end 07:13 for the western Roman Empire. 07:17 By 476 AD the last emperor of the west had been deposed 07:23 and Rome was no more. 07:25 [fire crackling] 07:28 [wind blowing] 07:34 [soft music] 07:42 [soft music continues] 07:47 What is truly astonishing is how much of Rome's history 07:50 was actually predicted in advance. 07:53 More than half a millennium before the birth of Christ, 07:55 before Romans had even put a mark on the map, 07:58 A Hebrew prophet living in the court of a Babylonian king 08:01 predicted the rise and fall of world empires 08:04 with amazing precision. 08:08 In the second chapter of Daniel, 08:09 the future of the world is portrayed as a massive statue. 08:13 It has a head of gold, 08:14 which stands for Nebuchadnezzar 08:15 in the neo-Babylonian empire. 08:17 Beneath that is a torso of silver, 08:20 which the prophecy explains is another kingdom 08:22 that comes after Babylon, but is inferior to it. 08:26 Then a belly and thighs of bronze, 08:28 which is the third empire. 08:29 After that, legs of iron, 08:32 which stand for the fourth great empire, 08:35 and that's it, only four. 08:37 And somehow those four empires 08:39 just happened to match exactly what happened. 08:42 After Babylon, we got the Medes and the Persians, 08:46 then we got the Macedonians, the Greeks, 08:48 under Alexander the Great, 08:50 and then finally the Romans, 08:52 the Empire of Iron that dominates the global landscape 08:55 until the collapse of the west in 476 AD. 09:03 What's really curious about the prophecy 09:05 is the way that it just ends after four empires. 09:08 If this was just guesswork, 09:10 any rational prognosticator would've continued on 09:12 to a fifth and a sixth empire, 09:14 because well, that's just the way the ancient world worked. 09:17 But no, Daniel stops after four. 09:19 He says there will not be a fifth empire after Rome. 09:22 Instead, Rome will be divided. 09:26 "Whereas you saw the feet and toes, 09:28 partly of potter's clay and partly of iron, 09:31 the kingdom shall be divided." 09:35 In Daniel 7, we find the same thing. 09:38 Four great animals coming up out of the sea, 09:41 each one representing an empire, but there is no fifth. 09:45 Instead, the fourth animal grows 10 horns, 09:48 each one representing a separate king or kingdom, 09:51 because with Rome there is no great successor. 09:55 It simply collapses under pressure from the barbarian wars. 10:01 [dramatic music] 10:03 The rise of the Roman empire is a staggering story. 10:07 For 800 years, the city stood undefeated, 10:10 unmolested by any outside army. 10:14 The last time a band of wild barbarians 10:16 had crashed through the gates 10:17 was almost 400 years before Christ. 10:23 They were the Senones, 10:24 a savage Celtic tribe from what is now modern day France. 10:29 [dark music] 10:33 [wind blowing] 10:36 When most people think of the Celts, 10:38 they tend to think of Ireland, or maybe Scotland or Wales. 10:42 But at one time, a very long time ago, 10:45 the Celts were found all over the European continent. 10:48 Their origins are lost in the murky history 10:51 of long forgotten oral traditions. 10:53 Nobody is absolutely sure of where they come from. 11:01 Some scholars think, based on possible linguistic evidence, 11:05 that maybe the Celts actually started out 11:07 as Venetian sailors who landed in the south of Portugal, 11:11 and then spread across both western and eastern Europe 11:13 from that spot. 11:15 The oldest Celtic settlement we know of 11:17 is not actually found here in Ireland, 11:18 It's in Hallstatt, in modern day Austria, 11:21 where Celtic miners were digging for salt, 11:23 one of the most precious commodities in the ancient world. 11:27 You see the Celts were more of a widespread culture 11:29 than a single ethnic group, 11:31 spilling across all kinds of national boundaries. 11:34 In Europe, there were Celts just about everywhere. 11:38 [soft music] 11:39 Look across a map of Europe, 11:41 and the evidence of ancient Celtic peoples 11:43 can be found emerging from all points of the compass. 11:46 One of the telltale signs that any region 11:49 was once home to Celtic people, 11:51 is the simple syllable gal. 11:54 At the very western edge of Europe, you've got Portugal, 11:57 which was once a Celtic settlement. 11:59 The whole nation of France was once called Gaul 12:02 because it wasn't populated by Franks, 12:04 a Germanic tribe, who eventually became the French, 12:07 it was originally Celtic. 12:09 There's a region named Galicia in Spain, 12:11 a Celtic settlement, 12:13 and another kingdom of Galicia all the way over in Poland. 12:16 There were Celts in the Roman province of Galatia, 12:19 down in Asia minor, modern day Turkey, 12:21 a region settled by ancient Celtic tribes 12:23 who moved into the area some 300 years before Christ. 12:27 And that means that Paul's letter 12:29 to the Galatian Christians in the New Testament 12:31 was actually written to first century 12:33 Celtic believers in Christ. 12:36 There are other telltale signs on the map. 12:39 The ancient Celts, master navigators, 12:42 were able to build perfectly straight roads 12:43 across thousands of miles. 12:45 And every so often, 12:47 they named an important 12:48 navigational or sacred place, Mediolanum. 12:51 It literally means middle Earth, 12:54 and its a ubiquitous place name, 12:55 ranging from the west coast of Ireland 12:57 all the way over to the Black Sea. 13:00 Over the course of centuries it's changed a little bit, 13:02 as in the case of the city of Milan in Italy 13:05 or Meylan in the southeast of France. 13:08 And of course we also find the names 13:10 of ancient Celtic tribes on the map, 13:12 such as the Parisi who gave birth to the city of Paris. 13:17 About 400 years before Christ, 13:19 the European climate suddenly started to get warmer, 13:22 and in the Celtic territory of Gaul, 13:24 the mosquitoes began to breed 13:26 in the marshy beds of dried up ponds, 13:28 and the mosquitoes brought malaria. 13:31 That may be the reason that a band of Celts 13:34 suddenly decided to cross the Alps into Italy. 13:41 They established a new home near this spot, 13:44 the ancient Etruscan village of Clusium, 13:47 where an Italian man discovers 13:48 that his wife's actually been cheating on him 13:50 with one of the nobles. 13:51 Now he's too poor to have the resources to exact revenge, 13:55 but then he gets this idea. 13:56 He goes out to the camp of the Celts to enlist their help, 13:58 and he bribes them with something they absolutely love, 14:02 alcohol. 14:05 The Celts blew into town like a storm, 14:07 and the residents of Clusium were understandably terrified 14:10 because the Celts, well, they were horrific. 14:13 They actually fought naked, 14:15 and had this habit of nailing 14:17 the severed heads of their enemies 14:18 over the doors of their huts. 14:20 So the Clusians panicked and sent an appeal 14:22 to the city of Rome to please come and help. 14:25 The Romans sent three men to try and negotiate a peace, 14:29 and it almost worked. 14:31 The Celts had never even heard of Romans, 14:33 but assumed these must be very brave men 14:36 if the Clusians had asked them to come, 14:38 and because the Romans used diplomacy instead of force, 14:41 the Celts agreed to make a deal. 14:43 All they really wanted, they said, 14:45 was some extra farmland outside of town. 14:49 But then the Romans betrayed them, 14:51 killing a Celtic chieftain, 14:53 and now the Celts wanted revenge. 14:55 Brennus, their leader, marched on the city of Rome. 14:59 11 miles north of town they met the Roman forces 15:02 at the place where the river Allia flows into the Tiber. 15:06 The Romans had never seen anything like the Celts. 15:09 The historian Livy tells us they were fair-haired giants, 15:12 who filled the whole region 15:14 with their wild singing and horrible yelling, 15:17 and it scared them. 15:19 They were right to be afraid. 15:21 Brennus and the Celts utterly demolished them. 15:27 There was nothing stopping them 15:28 from entering the city of Rome itself. 15:31 What the Celts found when they arrived, however, 15:33 was unsettling to say the least. 15:36 The city was vacant, quiet, 15:38 because most of the people 15:39 had fled up onto the Capitoline Hill, 15:42 which was better defended than the rest of town. 15:44 The eerie silence set the Celts on edge. 15:54 Finally, they came into an abandoned yard 15:56 where they found about 80 old men with long beards 16:00 dressed in purple-edged togas, 16:02 sitting on ivory chairs holding their staffs. 16:06 They were the Patricians, 16:08 the heads of the senior families of Rome, 16:10 men who refused to hide. 16:12 They were perfectly still, 16:13 not moving a muscle, majestic, dignified. 16:17 The crude half-naked barbarians covered with war paint 16:20 had never seen anything like it, 16:22 so they moved very carefully into the clearing, 16:25 not sure what to make of it. 16:28 One of the Celts couldn't handle the tension. 16:30 He had to know if these men were real. 16:32 So he reached out and pulled on the beard 16:34 of one Marcus Papirus, 16:36 who was so indignant 16:38 at having been touched by a mere barbarian, 16:41 that he took his staff and smashed the Celt over the head. 16:44 That was the beginning of the end. 16:47 For seven long months, 16:48 the Celts poured their rage on the city, 16:50 laying siege to the fortress on Capitoline Hill. 16:54 [dramatic music] 16:57 The path up to the fortress was steep and easy to defend, 17:01 so the Celts decided they would sneak up at night. 17:04 Now, they probably would've been successful, 17:06 except for the sacred geese of Juno, 17:08 who famously made a huge ruckus 17:11 when they saw the Celts come over the top of the hill. 17:14 They woke up the Romans, 17:15 who easily drove the Celts back down. 17:18 After seven long and brutal months, 17:20 everybody had had enough. 17:22 The Celts were getting sick, 17:24 probably from the piles of dead bodies, 17:26 which they failed to bury. 17:28 The Romans were running low on supplies and patience. 17:31 Finally, the two parties struck a peace deal. 17:34 Brennus told the Romans he would leave 17:36 if they gave him a thousand pounds of gold. 17:40 Now, it wasn't easy to find that much gold, 17:42 and the Romans suspected that Brennus 17:43 was actually using dishonest weights. 17:47 But when they complained, 17:48 Brennus threw his sword on the scales and quietly said, 17:51 "Vae victis," woe to the defeated. 17:56 It was that event that made the Romans determined 17:59 to become stronger and better 18:01 and to never suffer defeat again. 18:04 So to some extent, 18:06 the barbarian Celts actually helped 18:08 give birth to the Roman Empire, 18:10 a kingdom that lasted another 800 years 18:13 before the Goths brought that second and final blow. 18:18 During the centuries in between, 18:20 the Romans had kind of a begrudging admiration 18:23 for the Celts. 18:24 They thought of them as crude and inferior, 18:27 but at the same time, brave and beautiful. 18:30 To this very day, 18:32 there's a marble statue of a dying Galatian, 18:34 a Celtic fighter, on the very same hill 18:37 where the Romans took refuge from Brennus and his men. 18:40 It's a copy of a much older Greek statue, 18:44 but betrays the admiration the Romans had 18:46 for these wild people from the north. 18:50 Eventually, when Julius Caesar set out to build 18:52 what would become the mighty Roman Empire, 18:54 he made a point of conquering Gaul, 18:57 the largest concentration of Celtic tribes of his day. 19:00 From there, he pushed all the way up 19:02 into the British Isles, Britannia, 19:04 where there were more Celts. 19:07 But he stopped short of crossing the water into Ireland, 19:10 because all there was out there, he was told, 19:13 was a lot of winter, 19:15 and a lot of very wild Celts, 19:17 people who performed human sacrifice 19:20 and did other unspeakable things. 19:25 [soft music] 19:31 The story of Rome comes full circle, 19:33 starting with the Celts and in some ways, 19:35 ending with the Celts. 19:36 Without the Celts, in fact, 19:38 there may have never been a Martin Luther 19:39 or a Protestant reformation. 19:41 The key to understanding what happened, 19:44 is another very ancient Bible prophecy, 19:46 this time from the book of Revelation, 19:48 the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse. 19:51 Now to most modern Christians, 19:52 the horsemen are something that happens 19:54 in the very distant future at the very end of the world. 19:57 But for the first 1800 years of its existence, 20:00 the Christian Church 20:01 understood that prophecy quite differently. 20:04 They saw it as current history. 20:08 [soft music] 20:15 To our ancestors' way of thinking, 20:18 that white horse represented early 1st Century Christianity, 20:21 the church founded by Jesus and the Apostles themselves. 20:25 The Bible says it would go out conquering, and to conquer, 20:29 which is exactly what happened. 20:31 In his letter to the Colossians, Paul the Apostle, 20:33 was able to talk about a gospel 20:35 which was preached to every creature under heaven. 20:40 Without the benefit of communications technology, 20:43 those early Christians somehow took the gospel of Jesus 20:46 to the whole known world in a single lifetime. 20:50 [soft piano music] 20:52 The second horse is red, the color of blood and warfare. 20:58 As the Christian Church grew, 20:59 it didn't take long for the pagan Roman empire 21:01 to perceive it as a threat to imperial stability. 21:04 And by the end of the first century, 21:06 the Christians were being persecuted ruthlessly, 21:09 thrown to the animals, crucified, 21:11 burned at the stake, used as playthings in the circus. 21:15 There were at least eight separate persecutions 21:17 over the next 200 years, 21:19 finally coming to a head with Diocletian, 21:22 who launched a final 10-year persecution. 21:26 In the words of Revelation, 21:27 the red horse would take peace from the Earth, 21:30 and that people should kill one another, 21:32 and there was given to him a great sword. 21:36 The persecutions stopped with Constantine, 21:38 who was tolerant of Christians 21:40 even though he wasn't one himself. 21:43 He marveled at the unity of Christians 21:45 who stood together in the face of certain death, 21:47 and he hoped they would become the glue 21:50 that held his new empire together. 21:54 [wind blowing] 22:00 As it turns out, the Christians were anything but united. 22:03 Within the space of 10 years, 22:05 two major controversies ripped the church in two. 22:08 First the Donatist controversy in North Africa, 22:11 and then the Aryan controversy, 22:13 a fierce debate over the divinity of Christ 22:15 that led to the Council of Nicaea in AD 325. 22:20 In both of these controversies, 22:21 the Christian Church found itself 22:23 helpless to settle the dispute, 22:25 so they made a direct appeal to the Roman emperor. 22:28 Constantine was busy with the affairs of his new empire, 22:30 so he turned to the Bishop of Rome 22:32 to take the lead in calming the fight. 22:35 Up until then, the Bishop of Rome 22:37 really was just another bishop among many. 22:39 But after Constantine, he began to rise in prominence. 22:44 What the Christians did essentially, 22:45 was beg the Roman emperor to run the church, 22:48 which gave us a new form of Christianity, 22:50 a marriage of church, and the Roman state. 22:54 It was the time of the third horseman, 22:55 the dark horse of Revelation 6. 22:58 The church made some of the biggest compromises, 23:00 the biggest mistakes in Christian history. 23:05 Instead of behaving like Jesus, 23:07 we started to behave like a Roman conqueror, 23:10 even putting each other to death for matters of conscience. 23:13 We began to sell influence and create a social hierarchy 23:16 borrowed directly from the world of the Romans. 23:19 Eventually, if you differed 23:21 with the empire's official version of the faith, 23:23 you found yourself marginalized or worse. 23:27 Everyday Romans began to flood the church 23:29 because of the social benefits, 23:31 because of the favor of the emperor, 23:33 and the church stopped changing the world, 23:36 and the world started changing the church. 23:39 It leads to the darkest chapter of Christian history, 23:41 the most embarrassing stories because, well, 23:44 they're so unlike Jesus. 23:46 Torture chambers, inquisitions, 23:48 the death penalty, the Jews driven out of Europe, 23:51 heretics put to death at the stake, 23:53 all in the name of Jesus. 23:55 The original mission of the church came to a grinding halt, 23:58 replaced with an agenda of political conquest and war. 24:02 It's the time of the pale horse, 24:04 a time when the church is practically dead. 24:09 [pensive music] 24:18 [pensive music continues] 24:28 [pensive music continues] 24:38 But of course, 24:39 we know that Christianity didn't actually die. 24:43 Somehow it survived the Dark Ages. 24:46 Now there's no doubt those who still wanted 24:48 New Testament Christianity 24:50 were driven to the margins of the church 24:52 and eventually pushed out. 24:54 So the question is, where did they go? 24:58 The sack of Rome was, in many ways, 25:01 the beginning of the Dark Ages. 25:03 The invading barbarians didn't care 25:05 about the learning of the ages. 25:06 They smashed classical artwork 25:08 and they burned down libraries. 25:10 The monuments of civilization 25:12 were quickly torn apart after 410 AD, 25:15 and the western empire ultimately collapsed in 476, 25:19 when the last emperor was finally deposed. 25:22 The lights were going out all over the western world, 25:26 and with them the writings of the Christian faith, 25:29 including the Bible. 25:31 After Constantine, the riches of Christianity 25:33 had been concentrated in the city of Rome, 25:37 and now that Rome was crumbling, 25:39 what was left of the church was in danger 25:41 of disappearing forever. 25:45 Except that Jesus had promised, 25:48 lo, I am with you always, even until the end of the world. 25:51 The collapse of Rome must have seemed 25:54 like the end of the world to Christians 25:55 living in the 5th Century. 25:57 But in hindsight, we can see that it wasn't. 25:59 The world is still here, and so is the Christian Church. 26:03 So when the world went dark, 26:06 where exactly did the church go? 26:09 As much of the Christian religion 26:10 tragically rode the path of Constantinian compromise 26:13 right into the depths of darkness. 26:16 How did the original faith of Jesus survive? 26:20 The answer is astonishing. 26:23 The Book of Revelation tells us in chapter 12 26:25 that the woman, a prophetic symbol for God's church, 26:28 she had to go into hiding in the wilderness, 26:32 take out a map of the ancient western Roman empire, 26:35 and find a point as far away from Rome as you can go, 26:38 and you will discover that the prophecy literally came true. 26:42 The woman really did flee to the wilderness, 26:45 because as the world of Rome was collapsing, 26:48 suddenly, way off in Hibernia, the land of winter, 26:52 a ruthless barbarian tribe of Celts 26:54 somehow becomes highly literate, 26:58 and very Christian. 27:00 The very people who first sacked Rome 27:02 were the ones who saved the Christian Church. 27:07 [soft music] 27:11 As a well-known author puts it, 27:13 it was the Irish who saved civilization. 27:15 In fact without them, 27:17 it's highly doubtful that Luther 27:18 would've ever stepped onto the world scene. 27:21 This is a story you have got to hear, 27:24 because it might just change the way 27:26 you think about Christianity. 27:29 [soft music] 27:39 [soft music continues] 27:46 [soft music continues] 27:52 - [Announcer] This has been a broadcast 27:53 of the Voice of Prophecy. 27:55 To learn more about how you can get a DVD copy 27:59 of "A Pale Horse Rides" for yourself, 28:01 please visit PaleHorseRidesDVD.com, 28:05 or call toll free [844] 822-2943. 28:11 [soft music] 28:21 [soft music continues] |
Revised 2023-11-13