Participants:
Series Code: PHR
Program Code: PHR000003S
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00:00 [soft gentle music]
00:02 - [Narrator] "When he opened the fifth seal, 00:05 I saw under the altar the souls of those 00:07 who had been slain for the Word of God 00:10 and for the testimony which they held. 00:13 And they cried with a loud voice, saying, 00:16 'How long, O, Lord, holy and true, 00:18 until you judge and avenge our blood 00:21 on those who dwell on the earth?'" 00:24 [soft gentle music] 00:28 - The early Celtic Church was incredibly grateful 00:30 for the gospel that Patrick brought to Ireland, 00:33 a gospel that had liberated them 00:34 from the blood-thirsty deities of Celtic mythology 00:37 and introduced them to a God whose love was so profound 00:41 that he gave his own life to save them. 00:44 The story of Jesus fueled such passion 00:46 in the hearts of Irish believers 00:48 that they couldn't keep it to themselves. 00:50 In addition to becoming the guardians 00:52 of the world's great literature, 00:54 they also became incredibly effective missionaries. 00:58 [soft gentle music] 01:03 [wind howling] 01:07 [light dramatic music] 01:15 [light dramatic music continues] 01:22 The Irish monks lived communally in abbeys like this one 01:25 and whenever the abbey grew too large, 01:27 a number of the monks would leave 01:28 and establish one somewhere else. 01:30 Eventually, their centers of learning 01:32 spilled past the boundaries of Hibernia 01:34 and poured out across the whole European continent, 01:37 to the extent that when Charlemagne sat on the throne 01:40 of the Holy Roman Empire in the eighth century, 01:42 he actually knew the works and teachings of Irish monks. 01:45 In fact, he knew of more than 600 monasteries 01:49 the Irish had built right inside his own territory. 01:53 [light dramatic music] 01:56 The impact of Irish missionaries was huge. 01:59 Most religious revivals only last a few short years 02:02 but the movement sparked by Patrick 02:04 lasted an astonishing four centuries. 02:07 From the time the British Romans went back home 02:10 to the moment the Vikings first set foot 02:12 in the British Isles, 02:13 history is exploding with the names 02:15 of larger-than-life Irish missionaries, 02:17 men who changed the face of the world, 02:19 people like Columcille or Columba, 02:21 Aidan, Boniface, Columbanus, just to name a few. 02:25 These people represented a Christianity 02:27 that grew up distinct from the church 02:29 that had adopted the politics of Constantine 02:32 in what was left of the Western Roman Empire. 02:34 And the stories are amazing. 02:40 [light dramatic music] 02:42 It is the beginning of the sixth century, 02:44 about 100 years after Patrick brings the gospel to Ireland. 02:48 And an Irish monk, a prince who has chosen 02:50 the monastic life at Clonary Abbey 02:52 is sitting in the dark, 02:54 secretly making a copy of a beautiful psalter 02:56 that belongs to the abbey. 02:58 His name is Columcille, or Columba to the English. 03:02 And like all Celtic Christians, 03:04 he is a lover of beautiful books 03:06 and he simply must have a copy of this one for himself. 03:10 [light dramatic music] 03:14 But tragically, his copy is discovered by Phinean the Abbot 03:18 and it is immediately confiscated. 03:21 Columba is dragged before the high king of Ireland, 03:23 King Diermait, who rules that making 03:25 personal copies of books is a form of theft. 03:28 So Columba will not be allowed to keep the one he made. 03:32 As far as we know, 03:33 it is the world's very first copyright case 03:36 and the unwanted verdict gives birth 03:38 to a deep grudge in Columba's heart. 03:40 [light dramatic music] 03:47 Years later, when one of Columba's own followers 03:49 is killed by that same king, 03:51 Columba seizes his opportunity. 03:53 Such a grave injustice, the murder of a monk, 03:55 that has to be avenged. 03:57 So he takes to the battlefield against the high king 04:00 and at the end of the day 04:01 more than 3,000 have died, 04:03 3,001 to be exact. 04:06 Now Columba doesn't have to make a copy anymore, 04:08 he can just go take the original psalter for himself 04:10 and that's what he does. 04:12 Now, when the church finds out what he's done 04:13 they're enraged and they tell him, 04:15 "Look, you're gonna have to leave Ireland for good 04:18 until you've baptized as many as you killed. 04:20 3,001." 04:22 So like any good Irish monk, 04:23 he takes 12 of his followers to go start a new abbey 04:26 and he comes to this place, Iona, 04:28 just off the coast of Scotland, 04:31 which happens to be just far enough away 04:33 that you can no longer see the coast of Ireland. 04:36 [gentle music] 04:43 [gentle music continues] 04:47 It sounds like a pretty bad story, 04:49 scandalous, like the stuff that was happening 04:51 with that other Christianity over on the European mainland. 04:54 But God has a way of taking things back, 04:56 even our worst mistakes 04:59 and this is a story with a happy ending. 05:03 [gentle somber music] 05:07 [birds twittering] 05:12 By the time Columba left for Scotland, 05:14 there were actually very few Romans left 05:15 in the northern reaches of Europe. 05:17 Most of them had gone home after the collapse of the empire 05:20 leaving behind this massive power vacuum 05:23 that the Germanic barbarians were only too happy to fill. 05:26 So as illiterate barbarians are pouring into the region, 05:28 people who wanted culture and education, 05:31 they needed some place to go 05:33 and they heard of the learned Celts. 05:34 So they started coming to places like this, Iona, 05:38 and as an added bonus, 05:40 this was a long ways away from any trouble. 05:44 [gentle somber music] 05:46 Because of the influx of foreigners, at least in part, 05:50 this new abbey Columba built 05:51 became a great center of learning. 05:53 And from this spot on the edge of the world 05:56 the Celtic Christian sent hundreds, 05:58 maybe thousands of missionaries 06:00 back to the European continent 06:01 to establish even more centers of Christian learning. 06:05 By the time Columba died, 06:07 he'd already built 60 such centers that we know of 06:10 and in another 200 years, by the time of Charlemagne, 06:13 that number had swelled to more than 600. 06:16 [gentle somber music] 06:21 So, did Columba ever baptize his 3,001? 06:26 Without a doubt, the number was much larger than that. 06:31 Another early Celtic missionary worth noting is Columbanus 06:34 who was in his mid-20s when Columba was exiled to Scotland. 06:37 He was trained as a missionary in Bangor 06:40 and about the year 590 A.D. at about the age of 50, 06:44 just like Columba, he assembled 12 followers 06:46 and set out for distant lands, 06:48 this time to mainland Europe. 06:50 He managed to set up another 60 monasteries in France, 06:53 Germany, Switzerland, 06:55 and even over the Alps in the north of Italy. 06:58 One of his most famous centers of learning is Bobbio, 07:01 a community that Columbanus built in his 70s 07:04 a community that is still here to this day. 07:08 [gentle somber music] 07:13 And it's all because a young British kidnapping victim 07:16 was faithful to the call of Christ. 07:17 He listened to the voice of God, 07:19 and because of that, the light of the gospel stayed ignited 07:22 during one of Earth's darkest periods. 07:25 It even made it all the way down here to Italy, 07:28 almost to the very gates of the city 07:29 where Christians first compromised with Constantine. 07:32 It's got to be one of the most incredible stories 07:36 in religious history. 07:37 God takes this uneducated, blood thirsty, 07:40 promiscuous tribe of warriors 07:42 and uses them to keep the light of the gospel alive. 07:46 [bright piano music] 07:54 But here in the northern reaches of Italy 07:56 in the Piedmont Valley Region, 07:58 there was another group of Christians 07:59 who also developed an isolation 08:01 from the great compromise of Constantine. 08:04 There was another church in the wilderness, 08:07 this time not protected by the remoteness of an island 08:10 but by the inaccessible mountain passes of the Alps. 08:14 They were the Waldenses. 08:15 And while the original Celtic Christians 08:18 tragically eventually faded away, 08:20 the Waldensian Christians persisted 08:22 for a much, much longer time. 08:25 [uplifting music] 08:30 It all began with Peter Waldo, 08:32 a wealthy merchant from Lyon, France, 08:34 who in about the year 1170 A.D. suddenly became convicted 08:39 that God would rather have him help the poor 08:41 than accumulate riches for himself. 08:43 So he started a movement 08:45 teaching people the art of self-denial 08:47 for the sake of the gospel 08:49 and the people who joined his movement 08:51 were named after him, the Waldensians. 08:54 [gentle music] 08:58 Or at least that's the story you find 09:00 in a lot of modern reference books. 09:02 It's not a bad story, it's just not true. 09:06 There's no doubt that Peter Waldo was real 09:08 and he was probably affiliated with the Waldensians. 09:12 You can even find a statue of him 09:14 at the Luther Memorial in Worms, Germany 09:16 because he really was an early Christian reformer. 09:20 But the idea that Waldensian Christians descended from Waldo 09:23 completely falls apart when you examine it closely. 09:26 First of all, you can find the name Waldenses 09:29 in European literature years before Waldo's conversion 09:32 and there is even evidence that Pope Lucius II 09:35 was persecuting Waldensians for their distinct beliefs 09:38 decades before the appearance of Waldo. 09:41 So we know they couldn't possibly come from Peter Waldo 09:44 and yet there they are, 09:46 a distinct Christian group 09:47 hiding in the mountains of Northern Italy. 09:49 [somber dramatic music] 09:51 At a time when owning a copy of the Bible 09:54 was considered sheer heresy, 09:55 the Waldensians were making copies by hand, 09:58 just like the Celts had been, 10:00 and they were spreading those copies 10:01 all over Western Europe. 10:03 And like the Celts, 10:05 they were a distinctly biblical Christianity. 10:08 So, where did they come from? 10:11 [somber dramatic music] 10:21 The truth is we don't have a lot of details 10:23 because persecutors came and burned down 10:25 a key Waldensian library in the 1500s. 10:27 So, a lot of the history went up in flames 10:30 almost 500 years ago. 10:32 But we do know some things. 10:34 According to historian Alexis Muston, 10:37 the word Waldensian or Waldenses has nothing at all 10:41 to do with Peter Waldo. 10:42 It has a very simple explanation. 10:46 - [Narrator] It is from their character as dalesmen, 10:49 or men of the valleys, 10:51 that they have received their name. 10:53 This name, derived primarily from the Latin Vallis, 10:58 or valley, is variously spelled. 11:01 The French form of the word, which is val, 11:04 gives rise to a plural vaux, 11:07 and thence to the adjective vaudois. 11:10 The Italian form of the word gives the adjective vallenses, 11:14 strengthened into valdenses, 11:17 and thence corrupted in English into Waldenses. 11:22 - So the Waldensians are simply people of the valleys, 11:25 in the Alps between France and Italy, 11:27 places like Angrogna 11:28 where the Waldensians had their seminary 11:30 and their annual synods. 11:32 And places like Torre Pellice and Bobbio Pellice 11:35 where the Waldensians lived, worked, 11:38 and ran the remarkable church, 11:40 and suffered much for the sake of the gospel. 11:44 [light airy music] 11:51 [light airy music continues] 11:59 [light airy music continues] 12:04 [gentle music] 12:05 One thing's for sure, 12:07 these were not Roman Christians 12:10 even though they were in very close proximity 12:12 to the center of religious power in the Medieval period. 12:16 So if they weren't Roman Christians 12:17 where exactly did they come from? 12:20 There are two distinct possibilities. 12:24 One theory says that the Waldensians were early Christians 12:26 who fled the city of Rome during the brutal persecutions 12:29 brought on by the pagan Roman government 12:31 back in the first and second centuries. 12:34 As they fled to the north, 12:36 they found refuge in the remote valleys 12:37 of the Piedmont Region. 12:40 In favor of this theory is the fact that 12:42 the Waldensians had a really old 12:44 Latin version of the Bible known as the Italic 12:47 and it predates Jerome's "Vulgate" by about 230 years. 12:50 We think it was created about the year 157 A.D. 12:54 and it uses an older form of Latin that was really common 12:57 during the earliest Christian persecutions. 13:00 And oddly enough, it's also really close 13:04 to the Latin version that the Celtic missionaries 13:06 brought with them to the settlement at Bobbio. 13:09 But there is a second and very intriguing possibility. 13:13 [gentle music] 13:15 In the 15th chapter of Romans, 13:17 Paul tells the Roman believers, 13:19 "I hope to see you in passing as I go to Spain." 13:25 What the Bible doesn't tell us 13:26 is whether or not the great apostle ever made it. 13:29 [gentle music] 13:30 But where the Bible is silent, 13:32 the memories of early Christians fortunately 13:34 fill in some of the blanks. 13:36 At the end of the first century, 13:37 the Bishop of Rome is a guy by the name of Clement 13:40 and he writes that Paul had preached 13:41 to the extremity of the west, 13:44 and of course Spain was the extremity of the west. 13:48 There's also an ancient second century manuscript 13:50 found in Bobbio, right in the Celtic monastery. 13:54 It's called the Muratorian fragment 13:56 and it specifically mentions a visit from Paul to Spain. 14:00 And John Chrysostom, of course, 14:01 the great preacher of the fourth century, 14:03 specifically mentions that Paul had been to Spain 14:06 in a sermon he preaches on the book of 2 Timothy. 14:09 The earliest Christians appear to have understood 14:11 that Paul had made it to the country of Spain 14:14 and if Paul had made the journey over land instead of by sea 14:18 the only way to go 14:20 would be right through the Piedmont Region, 14:22 through the mountain passes where the Waldensians lived. 14:25 And sure enough, there is a longstanding tradition 14:29 among some Waldensians 14:31 that Paul himself had first led them to Christ. 14:35 [gentle music] 14:39 [birds twittering] 14:40 So, who were these remarkable people? 14:43 Well, we know they were humble 14:45 because they shun the extravagance of the medieval church 14:47 preferring instead to live in simple places like this. 14:50 They had 150 pastors or Barbas as they called them 14:53 who trained at this center up in the valleys. 14:56 But as important as those pastors were, 14:58 it was missionaries that were the real focus. 15:00 They had far more of those 15:03 because their passion like the Celts before them 15:05 was to carry the gospel to the whole world. 15:07 In fact, if you wanted to be a Waldensian pastor 15:10 first you had to prove your calling 15:11 by serving as a missionary for at least three years. 15:18 So that sounds pretty simple, right? 15:20 Just serve as a missionary for three years. 15:23 But don't forget, Europe has plunged 15:24 into the depths of the Dark Ages 15:26 and it's actually become legal in many places 15:28 to own or distribute copies of the Bible 15:30 because the powers that be 15:31 thought they could reign in independent thinking 15:34 if they kept people ignorant. 15:35 So the Bible was only for the highly trained clergy. 15:38 It was banned for everybody else 15:39 and that way they thought 15:41 people couldn't come to conclusions 15:43 that were different from those of the official church. 15:46 [gentle ethereal music] 15:49 What the Waldensians were doing was very risky. 15:52 Like the early Celtic missionaries 15:54 they spent countless hours making copies 15:56 of the Bible by hand in places like this scriptorium, 16:00 safely tucked away, out of sight and out of reach. 16:04 They would take those copies or sometimes just fragments 16:07 and hide them in their clothes. 16:09 Then posing as traveling merchants, 16:11 they sold luxury items from the far east, 16:13 things like silk or pearls. 16:15 And when they found someone 16:16 they thought might be interested, 16:18 that person would also get a copy of the Bible. 16:22 Their official motto, "Lux Lucet in Tenebris," 16:25 light shines in the darkness, 16:28 because they were holding the torch of the gospel 16:30 in very dark times. 16:32 And to be sure they did know 16:35 that they were the church of the wilderness 16:37 facing down a very dark adversary. 16:40 [tense music] 16:46 Before long the Waldensian missionaries 16:48 had so many converts all across Europe that some sources say 16:52 that they could travel from Cologne, Germany 16:54 down to Florence, Italy, a distance of some 700 miles, 16:58 and stay in the home of a Waldensian believer 17:01 every single night. [blows] 17:07 [tense music] 17:12 Their wild success drove the official church crazy. 17:15 What the Waldensians were teaching was radically different 17:18 than what was being taught 17:19 in the mainstream pulpits of Europe. 17:22 [light ethereal music] 17:28 [cowbell ringing] 17:30 So for example, they taught that you could pray in a barn 17:32 just as well as you could pray in a church. 17:33 You didn't need a special building 17:35 and that infuriated the mainstream clergy 17:37 because they'd spent these massive sums of money 17:40 building and maintaining a lot of luxurious churches. 17:43 [light ethereal music] 17:46 The Waldensians also denied the existence of purgatory, 17:49 a teaching that was just starting to emerge 17:51 in the mainstream churches 17:52 because they considered it a cheap fundraising ploy 17:56 and they couldn't find it anywhere 17:57 in the pages of the Bible, 17:59 a book they practically knew by heart. 18:02 [light ethereal music] 18:06 Holy water the Waldensian said no different than rainwater. 18:10 Pilgrimages to holy sites, 18:11 just a good way to drain your personal finances. 18:14 Holy relics, they said those are just 18:16 body parts, rotting flesh. 18:19 [tense music] 18:22 Their simple humble lives provided a painful contrast 18:26 with the extravagant lives of the medieval clergy. 18:29 And on top of that, they dared to say 18:32 that the Bible never suggests 18:34 that the bishop of Rome has any preeminence 18:37 over other members of the clergy. 18:39 [tense music] 18:45 The Waldenses were officially denounced 18:48 as a threat to the mother church, 18:49 and in 1184 at the Synod of Verona 18:52 they were officially excommunicated. 18:54 In 1487, Innocent VIII issued a papal bull 18:58 calling for the extermination of the Waldenses 19:01 after which they were ruthlessly persecuted 19:03 almost to the brink of extinction. 19:07 The stories that follow are not for the weak of heart. 19:11 There was the Massacre of Merindol in 1545, 19:15 which completely eradicated a number of Waldensian villages 19:18 and put thousands of humble believers to death. 19:21 There was the massacre of 1655 19:24 when the Duke of Savoy sent his forces in 19:26 to deal with the rebellious Christians. 19:28 Almost 2,000 people were raped, tortured, 19:32 mutilated, and finally murdered 19:35 simply because as a matter of conscience, 19:37 they wouldn't tow the official party line. 19:40 The slaughter was so unbelievable 19:41 that it moved the English poet John Milton to tears. 19:46 - [Narrator] "Avenge, O Lord, thy slaughtered saints, 19:50 whose bones lie scattered on the alpine mountains cold, 19:54 even them who kept thy truth so pure of old, 19:58 when all our fathers worshiped stocks and stones." 20:03 [tense music] 20:08 [crow cawing] 20:10 - Back in 1488, an army of about 18,000 men, 20:14 many times more than the people they were hunting, 20:16 started to chase the Waldensians 20:18 up into the higher reaches of the mountains. 20:21 The unfortunate believers loaded their elderly 20:23 and their children into carts 20:24 and began the long climb up the slopes of Mont Pelvoux 20:27 some 6,000 feet above the valley floor. 20:30 [tense dramatic music] 20:35 Halfway up the mountain 20:37 they found a little sliver of hope, a huge cave. 20:40 The Waldensians quickly took shelter 20:42 hoping to hide from their persecutors. 20:45 It was an ideal spot. 20:47 There was a platform in front where the Waldensian men 20:49 could stand watch and alert the group 20:51 if they spotted the pursuing army. 20:53 It would be easy to defend 20:55 and the entrance was barricaded with large stones. 20:59 If the sources are to be trusted, 21:01 they apparently had enough food with them 21:02 to hole up for a very long time. 21:05 [tense dramatic music] 21:15 What they didn't count on 21:17 was the army going up the mountain above the cave 21:20 and descending on ropes. 21:22 The Waldensians disappeared inside for safety 21:24 and the commander saw them go 21:26 but wouldn't let his men follow 21:28 because he thought it would be too risky 21:29 to try and fight inside. 21:31 Instead, he had them pile up wood in the mouth of the cave 21:34 and light it on fire, filling it with thick black smoke. 21:37 Now the Waldensians had a terrible choice to make. 21:41 They could either run outside and die by the sword 21:44 or stay inside and suffocate. 21:46 Sources tell us as many as 3,000 died 21:49 inside that cave that day 21:50 including babies in their mother's arms. 21:53 An entire village of Waldensians had just been wiped out. 21:57 [ominous music] 22:01 [somber music] 22:09 [somber music continues] 22:15 Century after century, 22:16 the Waldensians were hit again and again, and again 22:21 but it was worth it before long 22:23 like the early Celts before them, 22:24 their influence was felt all over Western Europe 22:27 and because of their efforts, 22:29 people had an opportunity to hear the gospel for themselves 22:32 and understand what Jesus had done for them. 22:34 And this at a time when mainstream Christianity 22:36 had shifted its focus to more, well, Constantinian concerns 22:40 like power, money, and political influence. 22:44 As official Christianity became distinctly unChrist-like, 22:48 God kept the light of the gospel alive 22:50 with the Israel of the Alps, the Waldensians. 22:53 Jesus had promised that his gospel 22:55 would be preached in all the world 22:57 as a witness to all nations before the second coming 23:00 and no amount of human compromise 23:02 would be allowed to stop it. 23:04 [somber music] 23:12 The real shame of our own Christian history 23:14 is that it was no longer the pagan Roman emperor 23:16 who was coming after us. 23:18 Instead, we were persecuting other believers. 23:21 We were behaving more like Diocletian 23:22 who used the power of the Roman Empire 23:25 to go after people who didn't think exactly like him. 23:28 Now, there are still traces of this in Christianity today, 23:31 dangerous tendencies to go after people 23:33 who don't think or behave exactly like us. 23:37 Now, the impact of the Waldensians was massive, huge 23:40 even though most people have never heard their names. 23:43 They have, however, heard the names of people 23:46 who drew their courage from the Waldensian example, 23:48 people like Wycliffe, The Morning Star of the Reformation, 23:51 an Oxford scholar who gave an English Bible to his people. 23:56 There's little doubt that he was heavily influenced 23:58 by the work and teachings of the Waldensians. 24:01 John Huss was another one. 24:03 The man who fearlessly stood against 24:04 the abuses of medieval Christianity 24:06 from his pulpit in Bethlehem Chapel in the city of Prague. 24:10 One after another, brave Christians all across Europe 24:14 took their inspiration from the Waldensian missionaries 24:17 and the light of the gospel began to shine 24:19 all across the former Western Roman empire. 24:22 Because of their example, the darkness began to retreat. 24:27 [swooshes] 24:28 And now after more than a thousand years, 24:31 we finally come to Martin Luther, 24:33 the name everybody knows. 24:36 The words he spoke at the Diet of Worms 24:38 as he faced down a church that had compromised 24:40 are still ringing in our collective ears. 24:43 [tense uplifting music] 24:44 - [Narrator] "Unless I am convicted by scripture 24:46 and plain reason, 24:48 I do not accept the authority of popes and councils, 24:51 for they have contradicted each other. 24:54 My conscience is captive to the Word of God. 24:57 I cannot and I will not recant anything, 24:59 for to go against conscience is neither right nor safe. 25:03 God help me." 25:05 [tense uplifting music] 25:13 [tense uplifting music continues] 25:20 [tense uplifting music continues] 25:30 - It was October 31st, 1517 that this brave German monk 25:34 nailed 95 propositions for debate 25:36 to the church door here in Wittenberg. 25:39 Because like the Waldensians and like the Celts before him, 25:42 his heart was captive to the Word of God. 25:44 This much of the story everybody knows 25:47 but what most people never hear 25:49 is how Luther was not alone, not even close. 25:51 I mean, sure we know there were other reformers, 25:53 Tyndale, Wycliffe, Huss. 25:56 But Luther was also standing on the shoulders 25:58 of a thousand years of brave Christians, 26:00 a church literally hiding in the wilderness 26:03 waiting for morning to break, for freedom to be restored. 26:07 [intriguing music] 26:10 There are four horsemen in the Book of Revelation: 26:12 the white horse of the early apostolic church, 26:15 the red horse, the brave Christians 26:16 who were persecuted by the pagan Romans, 26:19 the black horse, a church that compromised 26:21 after Constantine, 26:23 and the pale horse, the church of the Dark Ages, 26:26 when biblical Christianity was literally pushed 26:29 to the very fringes of the world. 26:32 Those are also the first four seals 26:34 and seal number five is remarkable. 26:38 "I saw under the altar the souls of those 26:40 who had been slain for the Word of God 26:42 and for the testimony which they held. 26:45 And they cried with a loud voice, saying, 26:47 'How long, O Lord, holy and true, 26:49 until you judge and avenge our blood 26:52 on those who dwell on the earth?'" 26:55 It's the cry of God's people 26:57 waiting for the end of the Dark Ages 26:59 and like every other part of the prophecy, 27:01 this one came to pass too 27:03 because here we are, free to worship, 27:05 free to believe, free to share what we know. 27:09 Do not waste this opportunity 27:11 because if you read prophecy carefully, 27:13 you'll see, it's going to happen again. 27:16 [intriguing music] 27:24 [intriguing music continues] 27:32 [intriguing music continues] 27:40 [intriguing music continues] 27:48 [intriguing music continues] 27:52 - [Announcer] This has been a broadcast 27:54 of the Voice of Prophecy. 27:56 To learn more about how you can get a DVD copy 27:59 of a "Pale Horse Rides" for yourself, 28:02 please visit PaleHorseRidesDVD.com 28:06 or call toll-free 844-822-2943. 28:12 [intriguing music] 28:20 [intriguing music continues] 28:27 [no audio] |
Revised 2023-11-13