Participants: Dr. Robert Gentry
Series Code: SF
Program Code: SF000007
00:01 [Sound of roaring waves]
01:00 For decades, scientists have advanced 01:03 the evolutionary theory of origins. 01:07 Of an Earth that formed by slow cooling of molten mass 01:11 over 4.5 billion years to make the foundation rocks 01:14 of the continents, the granites. But have scientists considered 01:19 all the evidence in arriving at their theory 01:21 of an anciently evolving Earth? 01:25 What if there was evidence in the granites themselves 01:28 that showed they formed rapidly instead of by slow cooling? 01:33 What if there was evidence that these sedimentary formations 01:36 composing the Grand Canyon, were deposited quickly, 01:40 instead of slowly? 01:42 What if there was evidence the canyon itself 01:45 was carved over a short time by rapid erosional processes? 01:51 What if there was evidence revealing that coal and oil 01:55 can form rapidly, and did so recently. 02:00 What if there was evidence that dinosaurs existed 02:02 not millions of years ago, but just a few thousand years ago? 02:10 And what if it was found that natural laws, 02:13 the glue which holds the evolutionary framework together, 02:16 can not explain everything in Earth history. 02:21 We would then be forced to consider another model 02:24 of Earth history. 02:25 One that would acknowledge the possibility that 02:27 geological rates of change in the past were much greater 02:31 than those observed today. 02:34 In this scenario it would take much less time 02:36 for various geological events to occur. 02:40 We would then have all the ingredients for concluding 02:42 that the Earth is actually quite young. 02:45 But is there any published scientific evidence 02:48 which challenges the evolutionary view 02:51 of an ancient Earth, and supports a young Earth? 02:56 Scientist, Dr. Robert Gentry, 02:59 while working at the Oakridge 03:00 National Laboratory in Tennessee, 03:03 has found just that. 03:05 Publishing evidence which challenges the long time period 03:08 of Earth's history. 03:10 In 1977, the Research Communications Network 03:13 published a special breakthrough report on the results 03:16 of Dr. Gentry's scientific publications, 03:19 characterizing their implications as follows: 03:22 [text on screen]. 04:23 Part of Dr. Gentry's work referred to in this quote, 04:26 pertained to his work with coalified wood from 04:28 what is known as The Colorado Plateau 04:31 - a broad geographical region encompassing parts of Colorado, 04:35 Utah, Arizona and New Mexico. 04:39 Using the microscope and more advanced laboratory equipment, 04:43 he analyzed these specimens of coalified wood 04:46 for various types of radioactivity. 04:49 His results help us to understand how long it takes 04:52 coal to form. 04:53 The age of the coal, and the age of the Earth itself. 06:12 Coal! One of Earth's vast energy resources. 06:17 Before we can answer the question as to the age of coal 06:20 and the time of its formation, we need to ask the question: 06:24 Where did coal come from? 06:27 Here in this coal mine in Price, Utah, we have the answer. 06:32 Here is a log, almost completely turned to coal. 06:36 There are thousands of such logs in this mine and in other mines 06:40 here in the Price area. This fact tells us, 06:44 that given the right conditions of pressure, and temperature, 06:50 and water, and time, that wood and other vegetation, 06:55 will turn to coal. The question is: 06:59 How long did it take for that to happen? 07:03 Robert Gentry and his son David, 07:06 an associate in his fathers work, 07:08 explore this topic together. 07:11 To answer this question, we need to look 07:12 at coalified wood specimens from uranium mines, 07:16 instead of coalified wood like this log, from one 07:19 of the coal mines here, in the Price, Utah, area. 07:24 This coalified wood specimen comes from La Sal, Utah, 07:30 a uranium mine. 07:31 Its presumed geologic gage is around 140 million years. 07:40 This specimen of coalified wood comes from a uranium mine 07:43 in the Temple Mountain area, here in Utah. 07:46 Its presumed age is also 140 million years. 07:51 But look how closely this specimen resembles 07:53 this other piece of wood. They're nearly identical. 07:58 It's interesting to note, that this other piece of wood, 08:01 was derived from this from a fresh piece of wood, 08:04 like this, just a few weeks ago. 08:08 This close similarity raises an important question: 08:12 Is it really true that this piece of coalified wood 08:16 from La Sal, Utah, and this piece of coalified wood 08:20 from Temple Mountain, Utah, are really 140 million years older, 08:25 than this piece of wood, which David and I recently obtained 08:29 in some of our experiments? 08:32 Not really! 08:33 Locked in these, and other coalified wood specimens 08:36 from uranium mines, is some remarkable evidence 08:38 that tells quite a different story. 08:41 To see that evidence requires that the coalified 08:43 wood specimens be mounted in epoxy. 08:46 Then be sliced, and placed on glass slides for observation 08:49 under the microscope. Under the microscope can be seen 08:52 discolorations produced by radioactive particles 08:56 ejected from tiny centers. 08:58 Some are circular, others are elliptical, 09:01 as can be seen in these photographs. 09:05 These circular and elliptical halos required a special 09:08 sequence of events, to form. So special, in fact, 09:12 that they completely overthrow the idea, 09:14 of an ancient age of coal. Pointing instead to coal's 09:18 recent formation, geologically speaking. 09:21 How recently? 09:25 In 1976, I published my results of the studies on these logs 09:31 in the October 15, 1976 issue of "Science". 09:35 Here's what I said in this report: [text on screen] 09:55 In other words, I was suggesting that coal 09:57 could form very rapidly, geologically speaking. 10:02 This information has remained unchallenged and unrefuted 10:05 in the open scientific literature 10:07 since it was published in 1976. 10:10 We are therefore entitled to draw some rather 10:12 firm conclusions about the data. 10:21 Geologists have assumed the Eocene was about 10:24 60 million years ago, 10:25 the Cretaceous, about 110 million years ago, 10:29 the Jurassic, about 160 million years ago 10:32 and the Triassic, 225 million years ago. 10:36 But the results that we presented contradicts 10:38 that information, showing instead the simultaneous burial 10:43 of all these formations about several thousand years ago. 10:47 These results pertain to the origin and the age of coal, 10:52 wherever it is found. 10:55 Catherine Hill Bay, Australia. 10:59 Not far from this coastal area near [?] Point, 11:03 is an object of extreme geological interest. 11:06 An ancient tree. 11:09 The fossilized remains of this tree can be seen extending 11:13 through over 12 feet of sedimentary layers between 11:16 2 coal seams located here. 11:20 Years ago, when a mining company excavated the layers, 11:23 exposing the tree. 11:25 The bottom of the tree could be seen extending down 11:28 to the lower coal seam. 11:30 Since that time, the lower part of the tree has broken off. 11:34 Even now, in its reduced length, the tree extends through layers 11:39 geologists normally theorize to have taken 11:42 hundreds of thousands of years to accumulate. 11:45 But these layers could not have taken long ages to accumulate 11:48 because the tree would have rotted long before the sediments 11:51 would have had time to accumulate around it. 11:54 Rather, this tree is mute testimony 11:57 to its catastrophic burial by at least 2 sequences 12:01 of volcanic ash deposits. 12:04 As the evidence indicates, the tree was probably buried 12:08 in a series of closely spaced volcanic ash flows. 12:12 Perhaps similar to the catastrophic burial 12:14 of thousands of trees at Mount St. Helens in Washington State. 12:19 But if coal did form rapidly, we expect to find places 12:23 where geologists have encountered 12:25 extreme difficulties in explaining its origin 12:28 by a slow accumulation of vegetation. 12:32 So let's take a closer look at the evidence for coal formation, 12:37 as it occurs in the spectacular Powder River Basin 12:39 in Wyoming and Montana. 12:42 The Amax Eagle Butte open-pit mine, near Gillette, Wyoming, 12:47 exposes the vast coal reserves made visible 12:50 by the strip-mining methods used here. 12:53 The Eagle Butte mine boasts of coal layers 12:56 or seems with thicknesses ranging up to 120 feet. 13:01 Eagle Butte mine is part of a much larger coal rich area 13:04 known as the Powder River Basin. 13:07 This gigantic 10,000 square mile reserve, 13:10 situated between the Black Hills of South Dakota 13:13 on the east, and the Big Horn Mountains on the west, 13:16 extends northward to the Yellowstone River in Montana 13:20 and Southward to Casper, Wyoming. 13:23 The immensity of the Powder River Basin coal deposits, 13:26 has attracted the attention of geologists for decades. 13:29 Such interests were documented in the May 1993 13:33 issue of Earth Magazine. 13:35 The article "Powder River Coal: Geologic enigma," 13:39 "environmental dilemma", included these statements: 13:44 [text on screen] 15:34 But if coal did not form slowly, is there any 15:37 laboratory evidence showing that it can form rapidly? 15:43 In this demonstration, Robert and David Gentry 15:47 begin to answer this question. 15:50 Earlier we took a piece of wood like this, 15:53 inserted it in this steel pipe, 15:56 added some water, 16:03 and then sealed it up. 16:09 The next step is to put it in the oven at about 16:11 160 degree centigrade for 2 weeks. 16:15 Now we're ready to examine the results of this experiment. 17:21 As we can see, this wood is now darker in color. 17:25 It's also softer. 17:27 A chemical reaction between the steam 17:29 and the wood under pressure, 17:31 has caused these changes to occur. 17:34 This specimen isn't coal yet, but clearly, 17:37 the process of coalification has begun. 17:41 The question is: would coal result if this experiment, 17:45 or a variation of it, continued for a longer period of time? 17:49 Scientists at Argonne National Laboratory 17:51 have answered this question in a series of experiments 17:54 performed in the 1980's. 17:57 One of the earliest reports about their work, 17:59 appeared in the magazine: [text on screen]. 18:06 On page 42 of this issue we read the following quote: 18:10 [text on screen]. 18:29 Later, after their published reports appeared 18:32 in the science journal "Organic Geo-chemistry", 18:35 the British science journal "Nature", 18:37 reported on the success of their experiments. 18:41 On page 613 of the journal "Nature", March 28, 1985, 18:46 we read the following: [text on screen]. 19:10 To understand their results, lets first note 19:12 the basic structure of wood. 19:14 Two major wood components are Cellulose and Lignin. 19:19 The lignin basically acts as a binding agent 19:22 for the cellulose fibers. 19:25 Several variations of the Argonne experiment were run, 19:28 but the successful formula combined lignin 19:31 and clay with heat - about 150 degrees Celsius - 19:36 in the absence of oxygen. 19:39 Over a period of about 8 months, artificial coal was produced. 19:44 The rapidity with which coal can form, when steam interacts 19:50 with wood, under pressure, leads us to ask: 19:53 Can steam or hot water also produce the rapid 19:57 transformation of organic matter to oil? 20:01 An article "Water, Water Everywhere", 20:04 published in the February 20, 1993 issue of "Science News" 20:08 answers this question. 20:10 Researchers at Exxon discovered water acted an essential part 20:14 in the formation of oil. 20:16 Efforts to synthesize oil met with failure, 20:19 until very hot water was added to the reactor vessel 20:22 containing the source rock sample. 20:25 When this was done, a layer of oil was found 20:27 on top of the water at the end of the experiment. 20:31 This result proves there is an alternate path 20:34 to the production of oil in the Earth, 20:36 with superheated water playing a major role. 20:40 The article indicated this discovery could wreak havoc 20:43 with established ideas about oil formation. 20:47 Actually, however, other natural events are already 20:51 wreaking havoc with conventional theories. 20:54 Incredibly enough, certain researchers, 20:57 one at Oregon State University, have published reports 21:00 showing evidence of present day oil formation 21:04 in the Guaymas Basin in the Gulf of California. 21:08 Right now in the Gulf of California, 21:10 below 6,000 feet of water, is an accumulation 21:14 of organic sediments derived from marine algae 21:17 and other organic sources. 21:19 Below this, superheated water is being pushed up 21:23 by a deep heat source, through these sediments. 21:27 Oil is being formed in the interaction of organic sediments 21:32 with superheated water. 21:34 This hydrothermal oil from the Guaymas Basin 21:38 is virtually indistinguishable from crude oils 21:41 obtained from wells drilled in the Earth. 21:45 The implications of this discovery can hardly 21:47 be overestimated. 21:50 The possibility must be entertained that the genesis 21:54 of the reservoir crude oils abundant throughout the world, 21:57 may be explained by hydrothermal processes similar 22:02 to what's happening in the Guaymas Basin. 22:05 But instead an open dispersion of oil directly 22:09 into the seawater, 22:10 a closed system could easily be visualized, 22:14 where a reservoir of crude could be collected. 22:17 It is conceivable that a worldwide flood was instrumental 22:22 in the production of the tremendous oil serves 22:25 of the Middle East and elsewhere. 22:28 The vast amounts of vegetation buried by such a flood, 22:32 mixed with superheated water similar to that detected 22:35 in the Guaymas Basin, could produce oil 22:38 in the volumes we see today. 22:41 Depending on the burial conditions, the organic matter 22:45 would be transformed to either oil or coal. 22:50 Is there a model of Earth history 22:52 incorporating these features? 22:54 One which allows the formal of the world's large oil 22:58 and coal reserves over a much shorter time 23:01 than has been previously thought possible. 23:04 What about a model, based on the record of Earth's history 23:07 given in Genesis. 23:09 The Bible describes Earth being called into existence 23:13 about 6,000 years ago. 23:15 And Earth originally covered with lush vegetation, 23:19 then devastated by a worldwide flood about 1,700 years later. 23:24 This time scale certainly fits with all 23:27 the scientific discoveries I've made. 23:30 And just as certainly water once covered this Earth. 23:34 In 1927 Noel Odell discovered marine shelly fossils 23:40 near the very top of Mt. Everest. 23:42 "Mountains rising out of the waters" is how 23:45 the Bible describes the end of the worldwide flood. 23:48 According to that description, the shells near Mt. Everest 23:52 are no surprise at all. 23:55 And coal and oil, are they the result of the rapid devastation 23:59 and burial of lush vegetation by a worldwide flood? 24:03 If so, what about the worldwide flood could have caused 24:07 such rapid burial? 24:09 The Bible speaks of the fountains of the great deep 24:12 breaking up 24:13 - a strong reference to volcanic eruptions 24:16 in the preflood ocean basins. 24:19 This is significant because ocean survey researchers 24:23 recently found an area on the Pacific Ocean floor, 24:26 thickly concentrated with over 1,000 volcanoes. 24:31 The size of this area is approximately the same as 24:33 Washington State. 24:35 Additional ocean floor surveys may well yield 24:39 many more such discoveries. 24:41 The likelihood of extensive volcanic activity 24:44 during the Biblical flood, leads us to consider 24:47 one of the most famous volcanic eruptions in modern time. 24:52 On May 18, 1980, a giant landslide on the north face 24:56 of Mount St. Helens in Washington State, 24:59 accompanied an explosion equivalent 25:01 to 20 millions tones of TNT. 25:04 [Roaring and exploding sounds from the volcano] 25:12 This lateral blast of superheated steam, volcanic ash 25:17 and dirt leveled over 150 square miles of forest, 25:21 snapping huge Douglas Firs like toothpicks. 25:25 The landslide debris plunged into Spirit Lake, 25:28 causing a colossal water wave which washed over the adjacent 25:32 mountainside over 800 feet above its pre-eruption water level. 25:37 An average thickness of 300 feet of new sediment, 25:41 dumped into the lake, has caused its surface level 25:45 to be almost 250 feet higher than before the eruption. 25:49 A massive number of trees felled by the blast, 25:52 were washed into Spirit Lake by the giant water wave. 25:56 The power of catastrophically driven water to accumulate 25:59 and bury extensive amounts of vegetation 26:02 can easily be seen here. 26:05 The floating log mat on Spirit Lake is only about half 26:09 its original size because the rest of the logs 26:12 have sunk to the bottom. 26:14 If Mount St. Helens had erupted under water, 26:17 huge tidal waves hundreds of times larger 26:20 than the Spirit Lake water wave, would have caused 26:23 the erupted material to be carried over much of the Earth 26:26 before settling. 26:28 If thousands of these volcanoes were active, 26:31 we can begin to imagine the destructive effects 26:34 a worldwide flood would have had on the topography 26:38 of the Earth's surface. 26:40 This leads us to ask: Could such a worldwide flood 26:44 described in the Bible, also be capable of explaining 26:48 other geological phenomenon? 26:50 Such as the Grand Canyon. 26:54 Some geologists would have you believe 26:56 that sedimentary deposits were laid down over 26:58 many millions of years. 27:00 What they want you to believe is just not true. 27:06 The fact is, the geology of the Grand Canyon fits a model 27:10 based on the occurrence of a worldwide flood. 27:14 In an attempt to learn where the floodwaters came from, 27:18 where they went after the flood, and what geological events 27:22 occurred during the flood, we went to Dr. Walter Brown, 27:25 the former chief of Science and Technology Studies 27:28 at the Air War College, and an associate professor 27:31 at the US Air Force Academy. 27:34 His development of the hydro plate theory provides 27:37 the key that unlocks many mysteries about the flood 27:40 and its effects. 27:42 We can see on our planet 17 very strange features 27:46 that can now be systematically explained as a result 27:50 of a cataclysmic global flood, who's waters erupted 27:54 from subterranean chambers, with an energy release 27:57 exceeding the explosion of 10 billion hydrogen bombs. 28:04 This explanation 28:06 shows us just how rapidly major mountain formed. 28:10 It explains the coal and oil deposits, 28:14 rapid continental drift, 28:16 why ocean floors have huge trenches and hundreds 28:19 of canyons and volcanoes. 28:22 It explains the formation of the layered strata 28:25 in most of the fossil record, 28:28 and so called ice ages, 28:30 and major land canyons, especially the Grand Canyon. 28:35 The pre-flood Earth probably had one very large 28:38 super continent containing lush vegetation, seas, rivers, 28:43 and minor mountains. 28:46 According to the hydro plate theory, 28:48 the pre-flood Earth had a lot of subterranean water, 28:52 about half of what is now in our oceans. 28:55 This water was in interconnected chambers forming a thin, 29:00 spherical shell about half a mile thick, perhaps 10 miles 29:05 below the Earth's surface. 29:07 Increasing pressure in the subterranean water chamber 29:12 stretched the overlying crust, just as a balloon stretches 29:15 when the pressure inside increases. 29:18 Failure in the crust began with a microscopic crack, 29:22 which grew in both directions 29:24 at about 3 miles per second. 29:27 The crack, following the path of least resistance, 29:30 encircled the globe in about 2 hours. 29:34 As the crack raced around the Earth, the overlying crust 29:38 opened up like a rip in a tightly stretched cloth. 29:43 The subterranean water was under extreme pressure 29:46 because of the weight of the 10 miles of rock 29:49 pressing down upon it. 29:51 So the water exploded violently out of the rupture. 29:56 Calculations show that all along this globe encircling crack, 30:01 fountains of water jetted supersonically over 20 miles 30:05 into the atmosphere. 30:07 The spray from this enormous fountain 30:10 produces torrential rains, such as the Earth 30:13 has never experienced before or after. 30:17 The Bible states 30:19 that all the fountains of the great deep 30:22 burst open on one day. 30:25 And it describes these events 30:27 about 4.5 thousand years ago, which we can 30:31 now tie together scientifically, in cause and effect order, 30:34 as the hydroplane theory. 30:37 The fountains of the great deep and the expanding steam 30:40 produced violent winds. 30:43 Some of the water jetting high above the cold stratosphere, 30:47 froze into super-cooled ice crystals 30:50 and produced some massive ice dumps; burying, suffocating, 30:54 and instantly freezing many animals. 30:57 The high pressure fountains eroded the rock on both sides 31:01 of the crack, and even threw up the limey contents 31:04 of many pre-flood seas. 31:07 Huge volumes of sediments 31:09 settled out of this muddy water all over the Earth. 31:13 The sediments trapped and buried plants and animals, 31:17 forming the fossil record. 31:20 The flooding uprooted vegetation, moving it to regions 31:23 where it accumulated and quickly became coal and oil 31:27 by processes we can duplicate in a laboratory today. 31:32 Experiments show that as erosion widened the rupture, 31:36 its width became so great, that the compressed rock 31:40 beneath the subterranean chamber, sprung upward, 31:44 giving birth to the mid-oceanic ridge that wraps 31:47 around the Earth, like the seam of a baseball. 31:51 The continental plates, the hydro plates, 31:54 still with lubricating water beneath them, slid down hill, 31:59 away from the rising, mid-Atlantic ridge. 32:03 After, the massive, slowly accelerating continental plates, 32:06 reached speeds of about 45 miles an hour. 32:10 They ran into resistances, compressed, crushed, thickened, 32:15 and buckled. 32:17 The portions of the hydro plates that buckled up 32:20 formed mountains, 32:22 those that buckled down formed ocean trenches. 32:25 This is why these features 32:27 are generally parallel to the oceanic ridges 32:31 from which they slid. 32:34 The hydro plates, in sliding away from the oceanic ridges, 32:37 opened up very deep ocean basins, 32:40 into which the floodwaters retreated. 32:44 Every continental basin was na- turally left rim full of water, 32:49 producing many post-flood lakes. 32:52 Each lake that grew from rainfall, or drainage 32:56 from higher elevations, 32:58 spilled over its rim at the lowest point of the rim. 33:02 That eroded a little notch in the rim, allowing even more 33:06 water to flow through the notch, faster, cutting 33:09 the soft flood deposited sediments even deeper. 33:13 This process accelerated until all the lakes water dumped 33:19 through a very deep slit, forming a canyon. 33:23 The largest of these was the Grand Canyon. 33:27 North and east of the Grand Canyon was a huge lake, 33:30 that I have identified and named "Grand Lake". 33:34 Its dumping released more water than is in all five 33:39 of the great lakes combined. 33:41 Grand Lake spilled over its rim, 33:44 eroded its dam, 20 miles south of Page, Arizona. 33:50 Catastrophically forming the Grand Canyon within a few weeks. 33:55 Rapid deposition of flood deposits from tidal action, 33:59 means there was little time for erosion to occur 34:01 between successive layers. 34:04 On the long timescale envisioned by evolutionary theory, 34:08 there should be considerable evidence found of erosion 34:12 and infilling by successive geologic formations 34:15 during the weathering expected over millions of years. 34:20 The geological layers of the Grand Canyon are remarkable 34:23 in showing little or no evidence of erosion 34:26 between different layers. 34:28 Instead we see pancake layering, 34:31 very much consistent with the rapid deposition, 34:33 envisioned by the flood model. 34:37 Erosion did not occur until all of the layers 34:39 had been deposited. 34:41 But how rapidly could the canyon itself have eroded? 34:48 Freshly laid down sediments would still not have 34:51 completely hardened into rock, which allows the possibility 34:55 that erosion of the canyon could have taken place 34:58 far more easily, than if it had hardened into rock, 35:01 as evolutionary theory has assumed. 35:04 However, under the right conditions 35:07 water can rapidly cut its way through 35:10 the hardest of rocks, such as the granites 35:13 at the bottom of the Grand Canyon. 35:16 Those conditions involve cavitation. 35:19 Cavitation is the rock pulverizing process associated 35:22 with water flows greater than 100 feet per second. 35:26 As water detaches from irregularities 35:29 in the bedrock channel, vacuum bubbles are produced, 35:32 inflicting hammer like blows on the bedrock surface 35:35 - literally converting the rocks into powder. 35:39 A modern example of rapid erosion 35:41 of bedrock from cavitation, comes from Glen Canyon dam 35:45 on the Colorado River, just above the Grand Canyon. 35:49 Excessive snowfall from the high country of the 35:52 Upper Colorado River Basin in late spring of 1983 35:55 caused excessive run-off that poured into Lake Powell 35:58 at rates of up to 148,000 cubic feet per second. 36:03 This rapid inflow threatened to overflow Glen Canyon Dam. 36:07 To control the high flow rates, the power plant was run 36:11 at full capacity, releasing 28,000 cubic feet per second 36:14 through the turbines. 36:16 Then the outlet tubes were opened to drain 36:18 another 17,000 cubic feet per second. 36:21 This was still not enough. 36:24 The emergency situation required 36:25 engineers to risk damage to the spillway tunnel, 36:29 and on June 15, the 40 foot diameter, left spillway tunnel 36:33 was opened to drain an additional 13,000 cubic feet 36:36 per second, which was then raised 36:38 to 17,000 cubic feet per second. 36:41 Then on June 28th the flow was increased 36:43 to 32,000 cubic feet per second. 36:46 At this point the water exiting the tunnel 36:49 became red, and noticeable ground vibrations, 36:52 earthquakes, were felt by engineers. 36:55 Large blocks of concrete and bedrock came hurling 36:58 from the 40 foot diameter tunnel. 37:01 After closing the spillway tunnel, the survey team 37:04 discovered extensive cavitational damage. 37:08 The 3 foot thick, steel reinforced concrete lining 37:11 of the tunnel, was penetrated by huge pits. 37:16 At an elbow where the tunnel levels out, a hole 32 feet deep, 37:20 150 feet long, and 40 feet wide, was cut through 37:24 the lining into red, sandstone bedrock. 37:28 This hole required 63,000 cubic feet of concrete to fill. 37:32 The repair process to the enormous hole shows 37:35 the vast extent of the damage. 37:38 The speed of erosion in the Glen Canyon Dam spillway tunnel 37:42 occurred very rapidly during the period when the 37:45 red color of water appeared 37:48 and ground vibrations were generated. 37:51 It is possible that cavitation was pulverizing concrete, 37:54 steel and sandstone at the rate of 1,000 cubic feet per second 37:59 during the peek period of erosion. 38:02 The destructive effects of cavitation at Glen Canyon Dam, 38:05 tell us the Grand Canyon could have been eroded 38:08 very quickly by the suddenly release of a huge volume 38:11 of water above the canyon, 38:13 but where did the water come from 38:15 and what caused its sudden release? 38:18 Dr. Brown's studies on the Grand Canyon provide 38:21 one of the best answers. 38:24 Most people are told that the might Colorado River 38:27 carved the Grand Canyon over millions of years. 38:30 But if people could study the canyon from an aircraft, 38:33 they could see its vastness, and how tiny that river is 38:37 in relation to the canyon itself. 38:41 There is no river on earth that could carve 38:44 this big hole in the ground, even over billions of years. 38:49 If the Colorado River carved the Grand Canyon, 38:52 the first question we should ask is: Where did all the 38:55 eroded sediments go? 38:58 There should be a very large river delta 39:00 at the end of the Colorado River 39:02 - it's not there 39:04 Furthermore, geologists can't find a huge river delta anywhere 39:08 near this part of the world. 39:10 So we need to ask ourselves: where did the dirt go? 39:15 At several places on this platform that overlook 39:18 the Grand Canyon, there are small mountains, or buttes, 39:22 who's horizontal layers tell a fascinating story. 39:26 The layers line up with each other, so obviously, 39:29 they were at one time connected. 39:32 Something must have come along and removed 39:35 a several thousand foot thick layer 39:37 of softer material that was once where we now are. 39:41 So we need to explain not only where the dirt from inside 39:45 the vast 200 mile long canyon went, but also, where did 39:49 the thousands of feet of dirt go, that was once above 39:52 where we are now, and spread out 39:54 for tens of thousands of square miles. 39:58 This particular formation, called Red Butte, 40:02 not only still has some of these horizontal layers, 40:05 but there is another clue sitting on top. 40:08 The topmost layer is a lava flow. 40:11 Lava only flows downhill, therefore, at one time, 40:15 the land surrounding the top of this butte 40:19 must have been even higher. 40:21 So again, where did all that dirt go? 40:25 Grand Lake spilled over, and eroded its dam catastrophically, 40:29 forming the Grand Canyon to the southwest within a few weeks. 40:34 One other large, post-flood lake that geologists recognize 40:37 was once near here, was Hopi Lake. 40:40 As Grand Lake catastrophically dumped, 40:43 I believe it eroded the western boundary of Hopi Lake, 40:46 causing it to also spill out. 40:49 Where did all the dirt go? 40:51 It spread out over southern Arizona, 40:53 and parts of California, and Nevada, rapidly. 40:59 The evidence supporting the Biblical worldwide flood 41:02 about 4,300 years ago, is mounting. 41:06 For the Grand Canyon, the flood explains how the 41:09 sedimentary layers were rapidly deposited as the waters rose, 41:13 and how they were quickly eroded as the waters subsided. 41:17 We have also seen where the dirty went. 41:19 And just as we have seen evidence of the rapid burial 41:23 of preflood vegetation, to produce today's coal and oil, 41:27 we will now see fossil evidence of rapid burial 41:30 of preflood life forms. Indeed some of the most remarkable 41:34 evidence of rapid deposition of flood sediments, 41:38 comes from well preserved fossils found in certain parts 41:42 of the Earth. 41:43 Perhaps the best fossil evidence 41:45 for the rapid burial of plant and marine life is found 41:48 in south-western Wyoming, at Fossil Butte National Monument. 41:53 During the past 100 years, scientists 41:55 and private collectors have collected thousands of almost 41:58 perfectly preserved fossils from sites within the monument. 42:01 Especially here at Fossil Butte itself. 42:04 It's an amazingly diverse collection of fossil turtles, 42:07 palm fawns, crocodiles, leaves, insects, branches 42:13 with nuts still intact. 42:15 There are even fossil stingrays, 42:17 whose skeletons of cartilage are known to disintegrate rapidly, 42:21 proving that burial of all these life forms, 42:24 was indeed, quite rapid. But this isn't all, 42:27 perhaps the most spectacular evidence of rapid burial 42:30 of all the fossils within the monument, are the billions 42:33 of the more than 20 kinds of fish. 42:36 This slab of rock in the monument visitor center, 42:39 which measure about 9 feet by 5 feet, 42:41 shows vividly, just a few of that number. 42:45 Amazingly, many of the fish retain not only their 42:48 entire skeletons, but their teeth, delicate scales, 42:51 and skin as well. 42:53 The vast number of fossil fish at Fossil Butte, 42:56 has left evolutionary geologists with a vast, unsolved, mystery. 43:00 In two sections, entitled: [Text on screen], 43:06 the National Park Services brochure on Fossil Butte, 43:09 reveals the contradictions that result when using 43:12 an ancient Earth time frame to explain rapid burial. 43:16 On one hand it speculates of the existence of a lake, 43:19 where many "animals and plants probably" 43:21 "died natural deaths... ", 43:23 on the other hand, 43:25 the evidence forces the conclusion that, 43:27 "... on several occasions huge numbers" 43:30 "of fish were killed suddenly. " 43:32 The brochure then equates those "several occasions", 43:36 to rapid burial by precipitation of calcium carboning 43:39 - the primary rock mineral enclosing the fossils 43:42 year after year for hundreds of thousands of years. 43:46 This is a truly incredible scenario to have such 43:49 a vast number of fish reproducing within a short time, 43:52 only to be wiped out by succeeding catastrophe 43:54 a year or so later, and this to be repeated 43:57 several hundred thousand times. 44:00 Paleontologist's should long ago have seen the fallacy 44:03 in this scenario, if for no other reason, because of the 44:06 beautifully preserved fossil palm fawns. 44:09 But very simply, palm trees don't grow in water, 44:12 and their fawns are not ripped off by gentle breezes. 44:16 Only a catastrophe of huge proportions can account 44:19 for the perfectly preserved fossils at Fossil Butte. 44:22 The rocks there are, like many in the Grand Canyon, 44:25 primarily calcium carbonate. 44:28 They all had a common source, the interaction 44:30 of volcanic gases with lime, thrown up from the basins 44:34 of the preflood seas. 44:35 This commonality, together with the 44:38 evidence of rapid deposition, and burial, tells us plainly 44:42 that Fossil Butte and the Grand Canyon originated 44:45 in the same great event: 44:46 the catastrophe of the worldwide flood. 44:49 But is there any other evidence which would confirm 44:52 that Fossil Butte is only as old as the flood? 44:55 The answer is: Yes! 44:58 Geologists have repeatedly identified the Fossil Butte 45:01 site as belonging to the Eocene, which they assume 45:04 was 50-60 million years ago, but we have already seen 45:07 from my studies of coalified wood, and the chart 45:09 on the collapse of geologic time, that the Eocene fits 45:12 into the framework of a worldwide flood only several 45:15 thousand years ago. So there is no question that the entire 45:19 Fossil Butte occurrence fits only within the framework 45:22 of a worldwide flood, and a young age of the Earth. 45:25 And there is more! Not everything was buried 45:28 on the first day of the flood. 45:30 The water was rising for 40 days 45:32 Land animals large enough to survive part of that period 45:36 left a remarkable record of their efforts to escape 45:38 the flood's rising waters. That record is found in coal, 45:42 and it is truly fascinating. 46:05 Dinosaur tracks in coal. 46:07 Amazing! Extraordinary! 46:09 How in the world did they ever get there? 46:12 Obviously, in the past, there was a huge seem 46:15 of vegetation in this area. Dinosaurs were walking around 46:19 on top of that vegetation before it turned to coal. 46:23 But how long ago was that? How old are the dinosaurs? 46:28 That's what we want to know! 46:30 This other dinosaur track tells the story. 46:34 It's right adjacent to one of these coalified logs here 46:38 in this coal mine in Price, Utah. 46:41 In fact, it's only about 100 feet away 46:43 from the coalified log that we saw earlier, 46:46 so we know that whatever the age of the coalified wood, 46:50 the dinosaurs were of the same age. 47:02 In the coal mine we saw two dinosaur tracks. 47:06 Where those the only dinosaur tracks in the coal mines 47:09 here in Eastern Utah? Not at all! 47:12 Here in the College of Eastern Utah Prehistoric Museum, 47:16 look what has been taken out of these coal mines. 47:18 Look at all these dinosaur tracks: different sizes, 47:24 some flesh eating dinosaurs, some plant eating dinosaurs. 47:27 Why were they all together? 47:32 To answer that question, let's look at the 47:34 Kenilworth Mine fossil map. It says: [Text on screen]. 47:43 Over here on the map itself, here we can see all the tracks, 47:46 and the coalified logs. 47:49 According to the sign, those dinosaurs 47:51 were tromping around in a swamp. 47:54 Common sense tells you that can't be true. 47:56 There's no swamp in the world that will preserve such tracks. 48:00 All those dinosaurs were together for a reason: 48:04 they were trying to escape the rising waters 48:06 of a worldwide flood. 48:09 These charts help illustrate how dinosaur tracks 48:11 could have formed at the time of the flood, 48:13 and why they exist in coal today. 48:16 The preflood earth was covered with lush vegetation, 48:20 a scene of beauty everywhere. Then came the flood. 48:23 Torrential rain, and the fountains of the great deep, 48:26 bursting open, caused Earth's lush vegetation 48:29 to be swept up in the flood's rising waters. 48:32 This vegetation accumulated in great mats, and then 48:35 was deposited by the ebb and flow of tidal waves produced 48:38 by volcanic activity in the preflood seas. 48:41 Each tidal action left its deposit of sediment within, 48:44 or over, the layer of vegetation. The dinosaurs, 48:47 being quite heavy, were able to survive many 48:50 of the early tidal actions as they sought to escape 48:53 the rising waters of the flood. 48:56 When the tidal waters briefly receded, 48:58 the dinosaurs continued their search 49:00 for higher ground, leaving their tracks in the sediments 49:03 that were freshly deposited over the vegetation. 49:06 At times, their great weight caused their tracks to penetrate 49:09 the sedimentary layer into the mat of vegetation. 49:12 That mat of vegetation has since turned into coal, 49:15 and wherever the dinosaurs left their original imprints, 49:19 there we still find an indelible record of their tracks, 49:22 in coal, today. 49:27 If all these dinosaurs were congregating together, 49:29 and swept up by the rising waters of the flood, 49:32 we might also expect that they would be buried together. 49:35 And indeed, here at Dinosaur National Monument, 49:38 in Vernal, Utah, we see a giant fossil dinosaur graveyard. 50:28 The time has come to draw some conclusions about the age 50:31 of the dinosaurs and the age of the fossil fish found 50:34 at Fossil Butte National Monument. 50:37 Here at Dinosaur National Monument 50:39 there's a sign that says: 50:41 "These dinosaur bones are 145 million years old. " 50:45 The so called Jurassic era, but we know that can't 50:48 really be true at all. Remembering our early results 50:51 on the coalified wood, there we found the collapse 50:54 of geologic time. The Eocene, the Cretaceous, 50:59 the Jurassic and the Triassic, we found were all together 51:03 only several thousand years ago. 51:05 The fossil fish in the Eocene, the Dinosaurs, in the Cretaceous 51:11 the Jurassic and the Triassic, all again collapse to just 51:15 several thousand years ago; buried at the time 51:18 of the worldwide flood. At this point, many may wonder 51:22 how this startling summation can be reconciled 51:25 with the evolutionary view of Earth history. 51:28 They may ask: do we not know from radiometric dating 51:32 that Earth's basement rocks, the granites, 51:35 formed repeatedly at different times and places over billions 51:39 of years of evolutionary time? And do we not know, 51:42 that using these same methods that the fossils 51:45 in sedimentary rocks are hundreds 51:47 of millions of years old? 51:49 The answer is a clear-cut "No!" to both questions. 51:53 Neither granites, nor fossils, have ages stamped on them 51:56 when they are collected. 51:58 The ancient radiometric gages that scientists 52:00 have accepted for so long, have never been scientific facts. 52:05 Factual scientific information is derived from 52:08 laboratory experiments. 52:10 Radiometric Age Dating is really just an arithmetic calculation. 52:16 It is composed of: a laboratory measurement 52:19 - the amount of lead divided by the amount of uranium, 52:23 both of these are ascertained in the laboratory. 52:26 The other variable is supposedly a constant. 52:29 It assumes a constant decay rate. 52:32 The age is then calculated as the product of that constant, 52:35 times the ratio, only the ratio is measured in the laboratory. 52:40 If this constant here is really not a constant, 52:43 but a variable, then the age is meaningless, 52:47 and the radiometric gages 52:49 are just so much, radiometric fiction. 52:52 Evolution assumes granites form by slow cooling 52:56 over billions of years. 52:57 The time of cooling, or presumed age, is obtained by measuring 53:01 the present radioactive decay products in the granite, 53:05 and assuming they accumulated only by slow, constant, 53:08 radioactive decay. 53:10 Because evolution equates radioactive age 53:13 with the time of cooling, 53:15 any evidence showing granites formed rapidly, 53:18 essentially shows their simultaneous creation. 53:21 Thus, the premise of constant radioactive decay 53:25 and the inference of great age is invalidated. 53:28 And indeed, there is scientific evidence 53:31 for their simultaneous creation. 53:34 Etched within the granites are beautiful micro spheres 53:37 of coloration produced by the decay of a certain 53:40 radioactive element known to have only a fleeting existence. 53:44 Using a simple analogy, Alka-Seltzer bubbles in water 53:48 can be retained only by rapid freezing. 53:51 Similarly, the microscopic record of fleeting 53:54 radioactive decay in the granites, is there only because 53:57 these rocks were instantly created in solid form. 54:01 If these rocks had formed by slow cooling, 54:03 as evolution claims, the radioactive traces 54:06 would have disappeared in the meld, 54:08 without leaving any visible record. 54:11 This record of instantaneous creation in granites worldwide. 54:15 Moreover, its existence in granites of vastly different 54:19 radiometric gages, shows they were all created 54:21 at the same time. 54:23 This collapses the whole foundation of geologic time. 54:27 The hundreds of millions of years of cooling time that 54:29 the geologists have thought necessary to form 54:31 the giant monolith, El Capitan, 54:34 is reduced to less than a few minutes. 54:37 How does this creation evidence impact 54:39 on the age of the Earth? Very significantly. 54:42 The weight of the scientific evidence has brought us 54:44 to the collapse of evolutionary time. 54:47 There is a Young Earth Creation Timescale. 54:51 The radiometric gages of the granites, 54:53 stretching from 80 million to 4 billion years, is invalid. 54:59 These granites, from Yosemite to the basement rocks 55:02 of the Grand Canyon, to Japan and India, 55:06 to the granites of Europe and Russia, and Canada, 55:09 were all the product of a simultaneous creation. 55:12 We haven't proved that the Earth is 6,000 years old, 55:15 but we have found evidence that is consistent 55:18 with a 6,000 year age of the Earth. 55:22 And we have shown that a several billion 55:24 year age of the Earth is scientifically incorrect. 55:30 We've captured only a brief glimpse of the various lines 55:33 of scientific evidence that point to the truth and accuracy 55:37 of the Biblical record of the Earth's recent creation, 55:40 and the great flood. 55:42 Brief though our glimpse has been, 55:44 the conclusion has been certain. 55:48 The radioactive traces in coalified wood, 55:51 collapses the geological time scale for life on Earth, 55:55 from hundreds of millions of years, to just thousands. 55:59 The occurrence of the worldwide flood explains the rapid 56:02 accumulation of vegetation responsible for Earth's 56:07 vast coal and oil reserves, the young age of coal, 56:11 and it's rapid formation in the laboratory, as well as the oil 56:14 now forming in Guaymas Basin off the California coast, 56:18 fits only into a young, not ancient, age of the Earth. 56:23 Dinosaurs, their fossils buried in mass graveyards 56:27 and their tracks in coal, are a mute reminder 56:30 of the futile attempts of these creatures to escape 56:33 the rising water of a worldwide flood. 56:37 The excess helium in deep granites 56:39 provides concrete evidence the Earth's crustal rocks are young, 56:44 thus powerfully disproving the whole concept 56:46 of an anciently evolving Earth. 56:49 And finally, the fingerprints of creation, 56:52 also found in the granites, the very rocks the Bible speaks of 56:56 as Earth's foundation rocks, confirm these rocks were all 57:01 the product of the same creation. 57:04 This fact invalidates evolutions basic assumption of uniform 57:08 radioactive decay, and collapses the whole structure 57:12 of evolutionary time. 57:15 We must conclude therefore, that evolution's 57:18 4.5 billion year age of the Earth 57:21 is nothing more than science-fiction. 57:24 Clearly the belief system that fits all the scientific facts 57:28 we presented, is the record of creation given in Genesis, 57:32 and repeated by Moses, in Exodus 20:11: 57:36 "For in 6 days the Lord made Heaven and Earth, the sea," 57:41 "and all that in them is. And rested the seventh day. " 58:09 To order this fascinating video, [information on screen] |
Revised 2014-12-17