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Series Code: ASB
Program Code: ASB000110A
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00:04 And comes from the DVD series, "Awesome Science"
00:09 [music playing] 00:11 NOAH JUSTICE: There is an incredible area 00:12 in Western Colorado and Eastern Utah, 00:15 where an amazing collection of dinosaur bones are located. 00:18 It is called Dinosaur National Monument, 00:21 and it is found in the Morrison Formation. 00:24 These fossils were first discovered in 1909, 00:28 and then they were set aside by President Woodrow Wilson 00:31 for national preservation. 00:33 Park signs present history from a naturalistic world view, 00:36 saying that dinosaurs lived over 100 million years ago, 00:40 dying out about 65 million years ago. 00:43 The cause of their mass extinction remains a mystery. 00:46 All we know for sure is that they 00:48 were buried quickly, worldwide, under flood-like conditions. 00:53 Yet, from the Bible, we infer that our Earth 00:56 is only about 6,000 years old. 00:58 Human history and recent scientific evidence, 01:01 such as soft dinosaur tissue, seem 01:03 to support the biblical worldview. 01:05 Which view is correct? 01:07 Where does the evidence fit best? 01:09 All this and more next on "Awesome Science." 01:17 Awesome science takes you on a field trip 01:20 to some of the most amazing geologic and historic sites 01:24 around the world, where we use the Bible as our history 01:27 guidebook to interpret what we see, 01:29 that the Bible can be trusted and empirical science 01:33 falls in line with the biblical account of creation, 01:36 the fall and the flood. 01:38 Science-- it's awesome. 01:53 On the western side of the Rockies 01:55 is a vast area of desert basins and parched mountain chains. 02:00 In 1909, a large deposit of dinosaur bones 02:04 was found near Dinosaur, Colorado 02:06 by Earl Douglass, a paleontologist working 02:09 and collecting for the Carnegie Museum of Natural History. 02:14 Just six years later, President Woodrow Wilson 02:17 set aside 80 acres surrounding the Dinosaur Quarry in Utah 02:21 as a national monument. 02:23 It's now grown to over 200,000 acres, located on the southeast 02:28 flank of the Uinta Mountains, on the border between Colorado 02:32 and Utah at the confluence of the Green and Yampa Rivers. 02:36 The most common dinosaurs found here are the Allosaurus 02:40 and the Camarasaurus. 02:42 They're found in sedimentary rock layers 02:44 of sandstone, mudstone, siltstone, limestone, 02:48 and a conglomerate bed. 02:50 The layers which locally make up the Morrison Formation. 02:55 The Morrison Formation is found in the Western United States, 02:59 covering some one and a half million square miles. 03:02 Only a teeny fraction is exposed and inaccessible 03:05 to geologists and paleontologists. 03:08 The Dinosaur Quarry is the most famous site of the monument. 03:12 It is enclosed, taking you right up to the steeply tilted rock 03:16 layers, which contain hundreds of fossilized dinosaur bones. 03:20 This large quarry building keeps the fossil safe 03:23 from erosion and vandalism. 03:26 The tilted rock has been chipped away by paleontologists 03:29 to reveal the fossil bones. 03:31 You can spend hours finding skulls, rib cages, and leg 03:35 bones. 03:36 It's a great opportunity for everyone 03:38 in the family to closely observe real dinosaur fossils. 03:42 Also present in abundance among some of the fossilized dinosaur 03:46 bones, though rarely mentioned by evolutionists, 03:49 are fossil unionid clam shells, clear evidence 03:52 of the watery graveyard the dinosaurs were buried in. 03:56 In addition, the visitor's center at the quarry 03:58 has full dinosaur skeletons on display. 04:02 Remember, many of the signs reflect 04:04 an evolutionary worldview, portraying 04:07 millions of years as fact. 04:09 As we will soon show, there is another worldview 04:11 to consider, matching the evidence much more accurately. 04:18 In the 1820s, Gideon Mantell, an English doctor, 04:22 found some unusual teeth and bones in a quarry. 04:25 He had believed he had found an entirely new group of reptiles. 04:30 A couple of decades later, nine types 04:32 of these different reptiles had been 04:34 uncovered, including two called the Megalosaurus and Iguanodon. 04:39 Then in 1841, famous British scientist Dr. Richard Owen 04:44 wanted to name these groups of creatures, 04:46 coining the name Dinosauria, meaning terrible lizard. 04:50 So where do we find dinosaurs? 04:53 Their fossils have been discovered 04:55 all around the world. 04:57 Here in the United States, they're 04:58 mostly found in the Morrison and Hell Creek Formations, where 05:02 much study has been performed. 05:05 All dinosaurs are found in sedimentary layers 05:08 of sand, silt, and mud, which would seem to indicate they 05:12 were buried quickly in a flood. 05:15 We can assume this because any dead animal left 05:18 in the open air would quickly decompose 05:21 and scavengers would eat the remains. 05:23 Only quick burial would keep the animal intact 05:26 and provide the right conditions for the bones 05:29 to be quickly fossilized. 05:32 The Morrison and Hell Creek Formations 05:34 appear to be pushed up, as though the dinosaurs were 05:37 buried under deep sediments. 05:40 Then some geologic process eroded away 05:43 the overlying layers and brought them back to the surface. 05:47 We can see evidence of this by the tilted layers associated 05:51 with the fossils. 05:53 All dinosaur fossils are found below what's 05:56 called the KT Boundary layer. 05:58 The KT Boundary is a distinctive layer 06:01 of sediment in between other rock layers 06:04 and is thought by evolutionists to represent a mass extinction 06:08 event. 06:09 This is because many species are found below this layer and not 06:13 above it. 06:14 All dinosaur fossils are found below the KT Boundary 06:17 layer, as well as many particular plants 06:21 and marine reptiles, produced by a famed meteor 06:24 impact which they believe killed the dinosaurs. 06:28 They believe this because the layer contains iridium, 06:31 an element found in meteorites and some impact sites, 06:35 such as meteor crater in Arizona and not in most earth rocks. 06:40 There are two reasons why iridium 06:43 in a meteorite from an asteroid does not 06:45 make sense as the sole source for the iridium found 06:48 in this layer. 06:49 First, the dust from an asteroid does not spread very far. 06:54 And the amount found in this layer in various places 06:57 around the earth is just too much for a single impact 07:01 from an asteroid fragment to produce. 07:04 So what other mechanisms could have 07:06 helped create the massive amounts of iridium 07:09 we find around the earth? 07:11 We know that iridium is also found in ash from volcanoes. 07:15 With the evidence of many super volcanic eruptions 07:18 around the world in the past, they 07:21 could have easily produced the amount of iridium found 07:24 in this layer around the earth. 07:26 There was one series of such super eruptions, which 07:30 produced the basalts of the Deccan Traps 07:32 of India, that coincides with the timing of formation 07:36 of this KT Boundary layer. 07:39 There is thus a lot of evidence to show 07:41 that there was massive volcanic activity 07:43 during and after the flood. 07:46 Large lava flows and ash deposits 07:49 were laid down between the sediment layers 07:51 across the earth's surface during this worldwide 07:54 catastrophe and as the flood waned and the earth was 07:58 settling to today's relative equilibrium. 08:01 A year-long worldwide flood, as the Bible describes, 08:05 makes much more sense as the source 08:07 of the iridium we find in the KT Boundary layer. 08:10 The dinosaurs could not have survived past the 150th day 08:13 of the flood. 08:15 Because by then, even the highest peaks were under water. 08:18 The dinosaurs would have died by then 08:20 and their carcasses would have been quickly covered 08:23 by sediments and deposited in various layers 08:26 in that stage of the flood. 08:29 The volcanoes going off underwater 08:31 would have produced the KT Boundary layer about halfway 08:34 through the flood, creating large areas 08:37 of volcanic sediment around the world, when the dinosaurs 08:40 perished, and also after. 08:42 As the flood waters then receded off the earth, 08:45 more sediments would have been laid 08:47 on top of the KT Boundary layer, burying the dinosaurs even 08:51 further. 08:53 In addition, the surface of the earth below the waters 08:56 would have been rising over vast areas. 08:59 And the receding waters would have eroded large areas 09:02 and carved valleys and canyons. 09:05 Some of the layers that dinosaurs were buried in 09:08 would have been tilted and pushed back to the surface 09:11 over time and uncovered by erosion for us 09:14 to discover today. 09:16 Remember, the flood was catastrophic. 09:19 Nothing with the breath of life in its nostrils 09:22 could have survived, except for those on the ark. 09:25 The KT Boundary shows us that God's judgment was complete. 09:30 So what happened to the dinosaurs? 09:33 We know about dinosaurs because of their fossilized bones 09:37 in sedimentary layers. 09:39 Many have been found in an opisthotonic pose, 09:42 where the head is thrown backwards, 09:44 the neck and body arched, and the tail thrown backwards. 09:48 No one knows exactly why this death pose is so frequent. 09:52 Here at Dinosaur National Monument 09:55 is an Allosaurus with its head missing. 09:57 But its tail is broken close to the body and lies parallel 10:01 under its feet, with the thicker part under its chest. 10:05 Many other dinosaurs in the quarry 10:07 are found in the same pose and are headless. 10:11 Dinosaur skeletons around the world 10:14 seem to reveal a violent death during water transport. 10:18 These clues give us an idea of why the dinosaurs died off so 10:22 suddenly. 10:23 Those who believe in evolution, however, 10:26 have a myriad of ideas about how the death of the dinosaurs 10:29 took place. 10:30 Because they believe in an evolutionary history, 10:33 their ideas just don't fit all the facts, 10:36 while those who believe in the Bible 10:38 can present a compelling case for what 10:40 we find in the fossil record. 10:43 Secular ideas for the demise of the dinosaurs are many. 10:47 Some are reasonable and others-- really crazy-- 10:51 such as their food source diminished 10:53 so they starved to death, or they just overate and died, 10:57 they were poisoned, they became blind from cataracts 11:01 and could not reproduce, mammals ate their eggs, 11:04 or they just had too much flatulence. 11:07 Other ideas include them breathing 11:10 in too much volcanic dust or poisonous gases, 11:14 comets or meteorites striking the earth, mass suicide, 11:18 constipation, parasites, their brains started shrinking, 11:23 they slipped disks in their backs, 11:26 or sunspot activity made the earth too hot or too cold. 11:30 But one big clue to their demise is the way 11:33 that they are buried. 11:35 Their bones are spread out across vast areas 11:38 in sedimentary layers deposited by water. 11:41 Rarely are they found as complete skeletons. 11:45 Most of the bones have fossilized, 11:47 which is a rare process and only happens 11:49 when an animal is quickly buried and the right minerals can 11:52 replace the bony tissues, so the bones turn to stone. 11:57 Many of the complete skeletons show 12:00 signs of drowning and being pulled along in currents 12:03 before they were deposited. 12:06 In addition, fossilized dinosaur tracks 12:08 show the giant creatures were on the move, 12:11 as though they were trying to escape from the rising waters. 12:15 These findings-- watery death, quick burial 12:18 in sentiments, warm mineral water causing fossilization, 12:22 and escaping footprints, would seem 12:24 to make a strong case for a catastrophic end 12:27 to these amazing creatures. 12:30 Would any event in the past have created these conditions? 12:33 How about the biblical worldwide flood? 12:36 Starting with the creation account found in the Bible, 12:40 God created all the land animals on Day 6, which 12:43 would have included dinosaurs. 12:45 For about 1,600 years, dinosaurs grew in variety and number. 12:51 The Bible and the fossil record seem 12:53 to indicate the earth was much more lush and temperate, 12:57 a perfect place for dinosaurs to grow big and plentiful. 13:01 When God came to Noah about 1,600 years 13:05 after the creation of the world, He 13:06 told Noah He was going to flood the entire earth because 13:10 of man's rebellion. 13:13 He told Noah to construct an ark and take 13:16 two of every kind of land animal and seven of some 13:18 on the ark, which would have included pairs of dinosaurs. 13:22 Noah didn't have to take large, older adult dinosaurs 13:26 on to the ark, but smaller, young adults 13:28 would have had more life left to reproduce young 13:31 after the flood had receded. 13:33 When we think of dinosaurs, we often think of huge creatures, 13:38 but the average size of a dinosaur 13:40 was only about the size of a small horse. 13:43 There are about 670 dinosaurs named from the fossil record, 13:47 but there are only about 55 kinds of dinosaurs. 13:51 So this is about how many pairs God 13:53 sent to be taken on the ark. 13:55 With over 2.2 million cubic feet of space within the ark, 14:00 carrying the dinosaurs and all the other kinds of land animals 14:03 wouldn't have been a problem. 14:05 There would have been more than enough space 14:07 for the animals, food, and Noah's family. 14:10 Once the flood ended and the animals came off the ark, 14:13 the environment was very different 14:15 than before the flood. 14:17 As the dinosaurs spread out, it's 14:20 likely they didn't repopulate in the same numbers 14:23 as before the flood because their environment 14:25 had drastically changed. 14:28 Food sources and the different climate 14:30 would have drastically limited their repopulation. 14:34 We always find dinosaur bones in sedimentary layers, 14:38 which usually indicates quick burial by water. 14:41 If a dinosaur died and laid on the ground 14:44 for any period of time after the flood, 14:46 the flesh would have decayed quickly 14:49 and would have been scattered. 14:51 We see this today with any animal that dies in the open. 14:55 Within a matter of days, the flesh is eaten, 14:58 the bones are scattered, and the carcass quickly decays. 15:02 God has provided our world with bacteria, bugs, fungi, 15:06 and scavenging animals to take care of the dead things. 15:10 If not, our world would be a pretty putrid place. 15:14 With the past graveyards of dinosaur bones 15:16 we find around the world, the demise of the dinosaurs 15:20 would have been catastrophic, a nearly 15:22 simultaneous global destruction. 15:25 In addition, many of the intact skeletons 15:28 we find show signs of drowning, then, quick burial 15:31 in the mineral-rich waters with a lot of silt. 15:35 This is what we would expect to find if the flood were true. 15:39 As the fountains of the great deep came up out of the earth, 15:43 these fountains would have included 15:45 warm, mineral-rich water mixed with volcanic ash 15:48 and sediments. 15:51 All of these elements would have created the right conditions 15:54 to quickly fossilize the bones. 15:56 This program is brought to you by 16:01 An organization committed to producing high quality 16:04 science-focused television content 16:06 all from a Biblical worldview. 16:08 Awesome Science is our kids series hosted by Noah Justice 16:12 In every episode, Noah visits the national parks 16:15 and historical sites to help you understand 16:18 earth's history using a Biblical worldview. 16:21 Find us online to watch all of our shows, 16:24 Noah's bloopers, behind the scenes videos, and special interviews. 16:30 You can also visit and like our Facebook page. 16:33 Where we post updates, announcements, and post extra videos. 16:36 Our YouTube channel also hosts many of videos and bonus segments. 16:41 Thanks for visiting. We hope you enjoy our great content. 16:47 Back in the 1990s, paleontologist Mary Schweitzer 16:51 discovered soft tissue in a T. rex bone. 16:54 Then in 2000, a T. rex was unearthed in Montana 16:58 in the Hell Creek Formation. 17:01 After excavating the bones, Mary grabbed a couple of shards 17:05 from the femur bone, taking them back 17:07 to her lab for further study. 17:10 She soaked the samples in a weak acid 17:12 to wear away the stone and bone. 17:15 To her surprise, what was left was 17:17 dinosaur soft tissue, including collagen, blood vessels, 17:21 and red blood cells. 17:23 This is astounding because most secular scientists 17:26 believe that dinosaurs died out 65 million years ago. 17:30 The fragile tissue should not have survived this long 17:33 inside the bone. 17:34 No one would expect to find it because everyone knows 17:38 soft tissue doesn't last more than a few thousand years, 17:41 if you're really lucky. 17:43 But this is not a shocking surprise 17:46 to those who believe in a biblical worldview, 17:48 because they believe that the earth is much younger 17:51 and only 4,300 years have passed since the global flood when 17:56 most dinosaur fossils were buried. 17:58 Mary Schweitzer continued to look for 18:00 and found other specimens with soft tissue. 18:03 Being a scientist who believes in evolution, 18:06 she began to research how dinosaur tissue 18:08 could have been preserved for such a long period of time. 18:13 But the results are inconclusive. 18:16 Mark Armitage, a young earth creation scientist, 18:19 felt soft dinosaur tissue was much more abundant 18:23 than previously thought. 18:24 So he went out to find his own samples. 18:28 He went to the Hell Creek Formation in Eastern Montana, 18:31 quickly discovering a Triceratops horn. 18:35 When he took it back to his lab, he 18:37 followed the same procedures Mary Schweitzer 18:39 did and found soft tissue. 18:42 In another trip, he found other Triceratops bones, 18:45 recovering additional soft tissue. 18:48 Mark put the samples under his electron microscopes, 18:52 revealing amazing detail in the bone tissue. 18:55 Tiny osteocytes, the small cells which help regenerate bone, 18:59 were observed in amazing detail. 19:02 These cells should have degraded into mush very quickly. 19:06 But somehow, they have been beautifully preserved 19:08 since the flood. 19:10 There has been a very large find in China of soft tissue 19:14 in dinosaurs. 19:15 So Mark's claim about it being more abundant 19:17 may be close to the truth. 19:20 The evolutionary paleontologists are scratching their heads, 19:24 wondering what mechanism could have preserved these cells 19:27 for 65 to 135 million years. 19:32 The only idea making sense to them 19:34 is that the blood of the dinosaurs 19:36 was rich in iron, which can be a preserving agent, 19:39 but not for millions of years. 19:42 It's possible iron could have been 19:44 involved in preserving the tissue for a few thousand years 19:48 since the flood, because soft tissue should 19:51 have degraded in the short time since the flood. 19:55 Mary Schweitzer has done tests with dinosaur tissue 19:58 in the lab. 19:59 She was able to preserve the tissue with iron over a couple 20:02 of years, but you cannot extrapolate out millions 20:06 of years with an experiment only lasting a few. 20:10 Yet if we use the biblical time scale of only a few thousand 20:14 years since the flood, soft dinosaur tissue 20:16 could have been preserved, showing 20:18 the death and burial of the dinosaurs during the flood. 20:27 The Bible tells us that two of every kind of land animal 20:30 and seven pairs of some came onto the ark 20:33 and survived the flood. 20:35 After about a year, the flood was finished 20:38 and the waters had receded. 20:40 The animals came off the ark and began to repopulate the earth. 20:45 If dinosaurs did come off the ark, 20:47 then evidence of their existence in human history 20:50 should be plentiful. 20:51 But there are many more examples. 20:54 These examples are found in ancient writings, as well as 20:57 works of human art. 20:59 In the temple ruins at Angkor in Cambodia, 21:02 there is a passageway with ancient artwork in the stones. 21:06 The artwork depicts many animals found in the area, 21:09 such as elephants, fish, snakes, and monkeys. 21:14 There are no mythological figures among the architecture. 21:17 So it appears they made carvings of animals 21:20 they saw at the time. 21:22 But an unusual animal stands out among all the rest. 21:27 It's a Stegosaurus-like bas-relief in the stone. 21:31 This temple was erected for a king about 1,000 years ago. 21:36 As far as we know, this ancient culture 21:38 didn't study paleontology. 21:41 Being the other carvings depict what this culture observed 21:44 at that time, the assumption can be 21:46 made that they also saw a live Stegosaurus among them. 21:51 Secular scientists describe them as mythical creatures, 21:54 but they clearly resemble various dinosaur kinds. 21:58 Why not believe that the Bible is true, 22:01 that man and dinosaurs were created on the same day, 22:04 and many of them died during the flood? 22:06 We have learned a lot about dinosaurs 22:08 in the past half-hour. 22:09 We believe the weight of evidence 22:11 demonstrates that they lived on this earth 22:13 recently and not millions of years ago. 22:16 They are buried in sedimentary layers, 22:19 having died in a violent, watery death. 22:22 This evidence alone strongly supports the biblical account 22:26 of the flood. 22:28 The discovery of soft dinosaur tissue 22:30 provides strong evidence for their recent demise. 22:34 There is a battle between two worldviews on dinosaurs. 22:37 The biblical worldview makes much more sense 22:40 from the evidence that we find all over the world. 22:44 This evidence confirms we can trust 22:46 the Bible as an accurate account of history, and so much more. 22:51 Man was created by God in perfection 22:54 but chose to disobey, bringing sin and death into the world. 22:59 Then because of man's continued rebellion, 23:02 a worldwide judgment came by water, 23:04 depositing most of the dinosaur fossils 23:06 we have been looking at. 23:08 The Bible also shares what's going to happen in the future. 23:12 Because of our sin and rebellion against our Creator, 23:15 we are destined to be judged by our Creator. 23:19 No matter how many good things you've done, 23:21 the Bible says that your sin will condemn you to death 23:25 and eternal punishment. 23:27 God is holy and perfect and cannot live in heaven with 23:30 sinful creatures like us. 23:32 In fact, the Bible says we live as enemies 23:35 of God because of our sin. 23:37 But while we were powerless to do anything 23:40 about our situation, God sent his son, Jesus, 23:43 who died on the cross to pay the penalty for our sins, 23:47 to take the punishment we deserved, 23:49 and died for our sake. 23:51 But we have to realize that we are sinners 23:54 and in need of salvation. 23:57 If we turn to God, repent of our sin, 24:00 and believe Jesus Christ died on our behalf, then 24:03 we will be made friends with God, 24:05 not by anything we've done, but only by what 24:08 Jesus did on the cross for us. 24:11 Three days after Jesus was on the cross, 24:14 He rose from the dead and later went back 24:16 to His Father in Heaven. 24:18 If we have repented and believed in the work of God 24:22 through Jesus, then we too will rise in the future 24:25 and be with God in heaven. 24:27 Have you realized the depth of your sin, 24:29 repented, and made Him your Lord and Savior? 24:32 We invite you to do this today. 24:35 Awesome Science is a video series produced by 24:40 Awesome Science Media produces many other great shows, 24:52 Ark Animals 24:57 We broadcast our episodes throughout the world 25:00 on television networks, TV stations, and online platforms. 25:05 We're making a difference by challenging the deceptive 25:08 evolutionary worldview, which directly opposes the Word of God 25:13 Our mission is to provide youth with a firm foundation 25:16 based on solid scientific evidence that supports their 25:20 Biblical worldview. We also want to encourage youth 25:23 to pursue the Truth, and maybe even make a career from their 25:27 interest in science and the Bible. 25:29 Thank you for watcing our shows. 25:32 Please keep up with us as we continue to build new content 25:35 which builds up your faith in the Word of God. 25:39 Thanks for watching this episode of "Awesome Science." 25:41 And remember, science-- it's awesome. 25:44 [music playing] |
Revised 2018-03-22