Participants: Atonte Myers, Ivor Myers
Series Code: BOF
Program Code: BOF000002
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00:15 Welcome to Battles of Faith, we're your hosts,
00:18 Ivor and Atonte Myers. 00:21 On our last program we discussed how to escape 00:24 from the black hole, we also talked about Ivor's personal 00:27 testimony on how he escaped from the black hole, 00:30 the entertainment industry, specifically, 00:32 the hip-hop industry, and we also talked about 00:36 revealing Satan's plans, his personal attacks against us 00:40 and how we can fight against that. 00:42 We're going to reveal another one of his tactics today. 00:45 We're talking about sorcery, and I know many of you, 00:49 when you hear the word "sorcery" you think of Harry Potter, 00:52 or witchcraft, or people casting spells on you, 00:55 but we're going to discuss today that sorcery 00:59 is much more than that. 01:00 That's right, we want to take it a little bit deeper. 01:03 We discussed in our last program that Satan had battle plans. 01:09 We wanted our viewers to know that this program, 01:12 we're not here to focus in on the Devil's plans alone, 01:18 we want to also focus in on God's plan for us, 01:21 and how He has a plan, a way of escape for us from this 01:26 black hole, from this assault of the enemy, 01:30 that he is perpetrating on God's people. 01:34 But I want to look at one of his other battle plans 01:38 that he is successfully using on many people today, 01:41 and to do that I invite you to get your Bibles 01:44 and we're going to take a little trip through the word of God. 01:47 We want to begin with Genesis 3:15. 01:52 Genesis 3:15 reads this: "I will put enmity between thee" 01:58 "and the woman, and between thy seed and her seed;" 02:02 "it shall bruise thy head, and thou shalt bruise his heel. " 02:06 Atonte, what we have here is one of the first 02:09 prophecies of the Bible, and God has basically come to Adam 02:13 and Eve and He said to them: "Listen, I'm going to give you" 02:19 "a son, a seed, and that seed is going to bruise the head" 02:23 "of the serpent, and in turn, the serpent was to bruise" 02:27 "the heel of the seed. " When you understand this to be 02:31 the conflict that would take place between Christ 02:35 and Satan, in particular when He came the first time, 02:40 but ultimately when He comes the second time. 02:42 There's so much power there because God is actually saying 02:46 "I'm going to use you to crush the serpent's head", 02:48 which is Satan, and we should be, as Christians, 02:51 so excited about that. 02:52 That's right, and we read that in Romans 16:20. 02:55 If you would read that for us, Romans 16:20. 02:59 It says: 03:07 This is so interesting because what it's telling us here is 03:11 that Jesus Christ has promised that the church 03:14 because this text is dealing with the church here, 03:18 the church, through the power of Christ, through the power 03:22 of God, would ultimately bruise the head of the serpent. 03:26 And that's what you're referring to when we realize that this 03:29 is part of God's battle plan for us, not that we should be 03:33 bruised, that our minds should be bruised, or our heads 03:37 should be bruised by the enemy, but that we should ultimately 03:39 bruise the head of Satan. We ought to rejoice, 03:42 we ought to say: "Okay Lord, I want to become a soldier" 03:44 "of faith, I want to enroll, I want to enlist in this battle. " 03:49 Satan understands that the mission of the church, 03:54 the battle plan of the church is to bruise his head. 03:58 I want you to notice in Romans 16:20, it says 04:01 "the God of peace. " 04:04 What does that mean, "the God of peace"? 04:06 When we think about God, God is trying to bring us back 04:09 into a relationship with Him. A relationship where there is 04:12 no war between humanity and God, between those of earth 04:19 and those of heaven. He's trying to bring us back 04:21 into peace, and we're told here that it is through peace 04:26 with God that we will bruise the head of the serpent. 04:29 So Satan's trying to divert us from that because he 04:32 obviously does not want his head to be bruised. 04:35 That's right. Now Isaiah 26:3, 04:38 it says there: "Thou will keep him in perfect" 04:41 "peace, whose mind is stayed on Thee. " 04:44 So notice the connection there, God wants His church 04:48 to ultimately, through the power of Christ, bruise the head 04:52 of the serpent. The way that we're going 04:54 to do that is through the power of the God of peace. 04:58 Now, the God of peace says: "I'm going to give you" 05:01 "My peace, and through that peace you're going to bruise" 05:04 "the head of the serpent. " 05:05 And he says: "How do I do that?" Isaiah 26:3: 05:07 "Thou will keep him in perfect peace, whose mind is stayed" 05:11 - "on Thee. " - That's right, perfect peace. 05:13 That peace that we get is through keeping the mind 05:16 stayed on Jesus Christ. 05:19 And that lets you know that Satan's attack is going to be 05:21 - right there on the mind. - Exactly. 05:26 Why don't you look at Ephesians 6:15. 05:33 Okay, now let's put that together. 05:36 God wants to use you and I, the church, 05:40 through the power of Christ He's going to bruise the head 05:43 of the serpent. How's He going to do that? 05:45 Through the God of peace. 05:47 How's He going to give us that peace? 05:48 By keeping our minds stayed on the God of peace. 05:55 What part of the body is to do the crushing of the head? 05:58 It's the heel, it's the feet, and the Bible says that 06:02 our feet are to be shod with the preparation 06:05 of the gospel of peace. 06:09 So now, what is it that controls the heel? 06:13 Satan knows that the heel is coming after him, 06:16 what is it that controls the heel? 06:18 - Our mind. - Our minds, exactly. 06:20 So here's Satan's principle: if he can divert the mind 06:24 then he can divert the heel, and this is why his assault 06:30 is focused upon the mind, he wants to do everything 06:34 he possibly can to take our mind, or our focus, 06:37 off of the mission that God has given us, and to do that 06:41 he'll do anything he can, and one of the most effective 06:43 tools he's using is the entertainment industry, 06:47 which brings us to our definition of sorcery. 06:49 So why don't we go ahead and look at that. 06:53 We're looking at Revelation 18:23 and it says: 07:14 Okay, Atonte, you had mentioned earlier, and we've 07:16 said this before, when you think of the word "sorcery", 07:20 what comes to people's minds right up front? 07:25 Harry Potter. Many parents are upset 07:29 because their children are reading Harry Potter, 07:31 but on the other hand, some parents are happy 07:33 because their saying: "Hey, my child is reading a book" 07:35 "that is 500-600 pages long", but most people, when they think 07:38 of sorcery, they think of that character, or they think 07:42 of witches. 07:43 That's right, we're thinking of Wicca Witchcraft, 07:45 we're thinking of Potter, we're thinking of Merlin 07:49 the Magician, we may be even thinking Astrology 07:51 and all these different things, but when we look at 07:55 the definition of this word for sorcery in the Bible, 07:59 the Greek word is "pharmakeia". 08:02 Sounds a lot like "pharmacy". 08:05 And that's exactly what the word means, 08:07 its "pharmacio", "pharmaceutical". 08:09 It's interesting because from a pharmacy you get drugs, 08:14 medication, and the definition word "pharmakeia" is this: 08:25 Anything that medicates the mind, so remember, 08:28 we were just talking about the Devil's plan: divert the mind, 08:32 divert the heel. 08:34 And we find that the word here for pharmacy, or for sorcery, 08:38 is "pharmakeia", which means "to medicate the mind" 08:41 "so that it will not live out," or "it will not follow out" 08:45 "the plan of God in bruising the head of the serpent". 08:50 We think about that, what are some of things 08:54 that can medicate the mind so that it will not follow 08:57 the will, or the law of God. 08:58 Off of the top of my head, you instantely think of alcohol, 09:03 and marijuana, or any type of drug that's mind altering. 09:07 That's right, that is one definition, Biblical definition, 09:10 of the word "sorcery" because alcohol medicates the mind. 09:14 I'd drive by the stores and I always wonder, 09:17 when I was younger, why do they call alcohol "spirits"? 09:20 Never knew that. Well, after I opened my Bible 09:23 and I saw behind the scenes and I saw the Devil's battle 09:26 plan, I said: "Oh, that's why they call is spirits" 09:29 because when you partake of alcohol, you're opening up 09:33 you mind to be controlled by evil spirits, 09:36 and the same thing with drugs, with marijuana. 09:39 When you begin to smoke, or partake in these kind 09:43 of drugs that alter the mind, they medicate the mind, 09:47 so that you're unwilling, you're incapable of following 09:50 God's will. 09:52 I don't think young people, or people, period, think that 09:56 when they're drinking alcohol, or smoking marijuana, 09:58 or even smoking cigarettes or any drugs, that there's 10:01 demons that are actually accompanying those drugs. 10:04 That's right. You know, Atonte, 10:05 I asked this question a lot of times, and I ask people: 10:08 "do you know a sorcerer?" Most people say no. 10:12 Like, I don't personally know a witch. 10:14 That's right. "You know, this is 2005... " 10:16 "sorcerer? No I don't know one. " 10:19 But think about it, if you know someone who is selling drugs, 10:24 selling these 2 things we just listed, you know a sorcerer, 10:30 you know someone who is dabbling in the power 10:33 of the enemy, to help medicate the mind so that it will not 10:37 follow the will or the law of God. 10:40 So now we've got drugs, we've got alcohol, 10:43 but let me ask you this: can TV medicate the mind 10:48 so that it will not follow the will or the law of God? 10:52 I say yes. 10:54 Answer is difinitely yes. As we look at what TV is today, 10:59 now we're not just talking about any TV, or every TV program, 11:04 obviously 3ABN is far from sorcery. 11:07 It helps people to follow the will of God. 11:09 That's right, it's pulling people towards the will 11:11 of God, but you have programs out there, and for the most 11:14 part, the media is saturated with these programs 11:17 that are designed to pull a person's mind 11:22 from what God has desired for them, which part of that 11:25 is bruising the head of the serpent through peaceful 11:27 relationship with Jesus Christ. It's pulling us away and making 11:31 us at odds with God. 11:33 Right. You know, it reminds me of 11:35 being in high school and many of my friends and myself, 11:39 we were watching a particular program that was designed 11:43 for young girls that were in high school, I won't mention 11:46 the program, it doesn't air anymore, but thinking of 11:49 what you were saying, many people might say: 11:51 "I'm not sure if TV can actually medicate the mind", 11:55 but when I was in high school I had many friends 11:58 and none of us had had any sexual encounters, if you will, 12:04 but we loved this TV program, we loved it to death, 12:07 so we watched it ever Wednesday. 12:09 We were there watching this TV program, and at the end 12:13 of the season, the last program, 12:17 and I had never seen this done before on TV, 12:20 but they actually allowed, these girls were in it, 12:23 they were sophomores, and one of them had a boyfriend 12:28 and it was the prom night, and they actually allowed 12:33 on the program this girl and her boyfriend to go upstairs 12:36 and to have their sexual encounter. 12:40 And it was glorified. 12:41 Oh, it was glorified. Before this time it was always 12:45 very taboo on TV to allow teenagers to have sexual 12:48 encounters and it to be Okay. It was like: if they have 12:50 the sexual encounters, it was a bad thing or you're in trouble, 12:53 that kind of thing, but in this program, on this show, 12:56 it was okay, it was glorified. And I can remember 13:01 me and my friends talking about the program after 13:04 and making a conscience decision that we would go home 13:09 on our school break and do the exact same thing. 13:14 It medicated our mind, and we didn't realize it at the time, 13:17 but it did. 13:18 You know, Atonte, I think that is so important 13:21 to understand when we're talking about things like 13:25 the entertainment industry, the power of the TV; 13:29 it literally has power to get into a persons mind 13:34 and to put things there that are diametrically opposed 13:38 to the government of God and to the will of God 13:40 and to the law of God, and I think one of the things 13:42 that people don't realize, when you are dealing 13:46 with something that is supernatural, you can't just say 13:50 "okay, I'm not going to do this anymore", 13:53 you're dealing with supernatural power, your dealing with 13:57 supernatural conflict, and mere willpower is not good enough, 14:00 it's not going to do anything to break these habits, 14:03 and that's one of the reasons why these habits are 14:06 so addictive. If you're out there 14:08 and you're watching, you're saying: "I know this is wrong," 14:13 "but I just can't seem to have the power to break it", 14:15 well now you understand why. Ephesians 6 tells us we wrestle 14:18 not against flesh and blood, but it tells us we're wrestling 14:22 against spiritual wickedness, against supernatural forces. 14:27 We call this program Battles of Faith because it takes 14:30 faith to see behind the scenes, it takes faith to see that which 14:34 is not apparent to the naked eye. 14:37 So often we say "what's the matter with TV?" 14:40 "What's the matter with this?" "What's the matter with that?" 14:43 "I don't see anything wrong with that", but in the Christian 14:47 conflict we don't walk by sight, we walk by faith; 14:51 we don't fight by sight, we fight by faith. 14:54 So it's a supernatural power that the enemy is using. 14:59 He's planting seeds and thoughts and the supernatural power 15:02 of his power is there, so we need a supernatural power, 15:06 but we don't have it within ourselves. 15:08 Exactly. John 12:32 says: 15:10 "And I, if I be lifted up from the earth", Jesus speaking, 15:14 "I, if I be lifted up from the earth, will draw all men" 15:18 "unto Me. " Now notice that Jesus says 15:20 "if I be lifted up, I'm going to draw all men unto me. " 15:22 What is the enemy trying to do? What is his battle plan? 15:25 Divert the mind, divert the heel. 15:28 If you can draw them away from Christ, 15:31 if you can draw them through the media, if you can pull 15:34 them away from their affections to the Lord, then we have 15:37 the victory. Jesus says "no, no," 15:39 "if I be lifted up, I will draw all men unto Me", 15:42 so you've got these 2 drawing powers, these 2 drawing forces, 15:46 and I tell you, as Jesus became a reality in my life, 15:49 and as He was lifted up in my life, as I saw Him for who He 15:54 really was, that drawing, that magnet power of the Lord, 15:58 Jesus Christ, just took my life over; and it drew me, 16:02 it literally drew me out of the black hole. 16:04 We talk about a black hole having no bottom, 16:07 no pit; we talk about the black hole being the entertainment 16:09 industry as a whole, 16:11 Jesus Christ literally lifted me, spiritually, I should say, 16:15 lifted me out of that black hole and put my feet 16:19 on the Rock, which is the Word of God. 16:21 I'm so excited because as you're talking and it's like 16:25 Satan wants us to not understand our mission, 16:27 but I'm envisioning young people getting excited and seeing 16:31 their mission that God has given them, and the power that goes 16:35 with it, to crush the serpent's head. 16:37 And Satan gets this excited about basketball games, 16:40 and the next movie that's coming out, and this show, 16:43 and all these things, just to get us to forget 16:45 "hey, you're supposed to be on a mission to come after me", 16:48 which is Satan, and he gets us to forget that and if we're 16:52 not on the mission, it prolongs it 16:54 because it is going to happen, it's a prophecy, his head 16:56 will be bruised. 16:57 That's right. It's important to realize 17:00 that when that prophecy was first spoken to Satan, 17:04 when Satan was told that a seed was going to come that's 17:06 going to crush your head, you know what he did? 17:08 When Cain was born, I can just imagine that Satan was terrified 17:11 - to death. - Trembling. 17:12 "This is him, this is the one that's going to crush my head", 17:14 but as be watched and he was able to get into the mind 17:17 of Cain and divert the mind, he said "Oh, I've got this" 17:21 "all taken care of", but then along comes Abel, 17:25 and Abel is showing the characteristics, 17:27 the very character of God, and he's saying 17:29 "this must be the one", so what does he do? 17:31 He encourages Cain to kill Abel, 17:33 and on and on, through the Bible. 17:35 In fact, when that happened, Eve has another child, 17:38 Seth, Satan's going "Man, they just keep coming. " 17:41 "If I can't beat them, I'm going to join them" 17:44 and his mission all along has been to stop this seed 17:48 from crushing his own head because he wants to live, 17:51 he wants to have eternal life, and he can't. 17:53 The fact that Jesus came and did what He did on Calvary, 17:58 and was lifted up, He said "This is only the beginning" 18:02 "Satan, I'm going to allow my people, who you have beaten" 18:05 "for centuries, I'm going to allow them to get the victory" 18:09 "blow over you. " What a high calling! 18:11 We don't have the power in and of ourselves to do that, 18:14 He says: "I will come into you", in fact, the Bible says 18:18 "let this mind be in you, which was also in Christ Jesus. " 18:24 So He encourages us, "be drawn unto Me, come unto Me" 18:26 "all ye that labor, and I'm going to give you power," 18:29 "and I'm going to give a mission and a directive, and I want you" 18:32 "to fulfill that in Me. " 18:35 Satan is so tricky, using the things of this world, 18:39 the entertainment industry. 18:42 It's like you get so drawn to it and, again, almost like 18:46 they're hypnotized. 18:48 We can't think about anything else, we live our life 18:51 to try to be like these people, we want to dress like these 18:55 people, and our whole mission is supposed to be to want to be 18:58 like Jesus and to look like Jesus, and to get the power 19:00 from Jesus so we can accomplish this mission. 19:03 That's right. We were talking earlier about 19:05 the fact that this warfare is a supernatural warfare, 19:09 but you know what's lovely? That God says, John 1:12, 19:14 it says: "As many as received Him, to them gave He power" 19:19 "to become the sons of God. " Being a son of God is not some 19:23 trifling thing. He says if you truly become 19:26 a son of God, if you truly receive what I have for you 19:29 I'm going to give you power, now what kind of power 19:32 is He talking about? Natural power? 19:34 Supernatural power. 19:36 Let me put my hands up here, because we're not saying 19:38 supernatural power means I get to float around, 19:41 or start to do all these physically impossible things, 19:45 what He's saying is "I'm going to give you the supernatural" 19:47 "power of love. I'm going to give you" 19:48 "the supernatural power of My Son in your life," 19:53 "working in, and through you, to over come, to fight against," 19:57 "to war against the supernatural foe. " 20:00 You can't use natural power to fight against something 20:02 that is supernatural. 20:04 It's supernatural power when a young person who's being 20:07 pulled to be like everybody else or who's being pulled 20:10 into the black hole, to say "No, I'm going to be an individual," 20:14 "I'm following God and I'm happy in following God," 20:17 "and I actually think it's cool to follow God. " 20:20 You need supernatural power to do that, and that's what God 20:24 wants to give us. If it seems like we're 20:26 targeting the young people, we are, because we want 20:30 them to get excited and to be so excited about Jesus 20:33 and want to do the will of Jesus and His Father, 20:37 because He has a mission, it's so exciting. 20:39 That's right. I consider us young people... 20:41 - We are, I am young! - because our peers 20:44 are the ones who are out there, involved in this particular 20:49 industry. Let me share something else 20:52 with our watchers. 1 Samuel 15:23 gives us 20:58 another definition of the supernatural, let me read it 21:02 very quickly. 21:03 It says here, 1 Samuel 15:23, 21:09 "For rebellion is as the sin of witchcraft. " 21:17 Now if you notice in the Bible, if you have a King James Bible, 21:20 you'll see that the word "is" and "as" are italicized, 21:23 that means that it's not there in the original writing, 21:25 so this verse is not saying that rebellion is something 21:29 similar to witchcraft, it's saying rebellion is witchcraft. 21:33 The word "witchcraft" here means "to whisper a spell". 21:37 Think about it, sometimes I'm just minding my own business, 21:42 going about my day doing something, and all of a sudden 21:45 some song that I used to sing back out in the world 21:49 will just pop up in my mind, and all of a sudden I find myself 21:53 getting ready to sing this song, and then I'm saying: 21:57 "What was that? What am I doing?" 21:58 "I'm a Christian now! No, I'm not going to allow" 22:01 "that song to come into my mind. " 22:03 Things that we watch on TV, the Devil will come 22:05 and he will whisper, and the Devil does have the power 22:08 to whisper. 22:10 So he will come and he will whisper these things, 22:12 and he will say: "Hey, why don't you do this?" 22:14 "Wouldn't it be cool to do that?" 22:16 What we find is that that is actually a form of witchcraft. 22:20 The amazing thing is we think that that's our own thought, 22:23 we think we came up with it on our own, but it's not, 22:26 it's Satan working sorcery on us. 22:29 That's right. When you look at the word 22:31 "entertainment", we're talking about the entertainment 22:33 industry, the word "entertainment" if we break 22:35 it down,. 22:45 So you put the word together, it actually means 22:48 "to come in, to posses and to hold in a state of possession". 22:53 And he does that through TV 24 hours a day, 22:57 - 7 days a week. - That's right, he comes in. 22:59 In fact, he did it with Adam and Eve, he entertained them 23:02 through the medium of a serpent. 23:04 He came in, he took possession of their minds 23:07 and held them in a state of possession. 23:09 As we look at the entertainment industry today, that's exactly 23:12 what's going on. Through the entertainment 23:15 industry we are being deceived by the enemy of souls. 23:21 We have statistics that have let us know that young people 23:27 are watching at least 5-6 hours of TV a day 23:31 and I'm amazed at that because most young kids are going 23:34 to school and then they come home in the evening 23:36 and they're watching 5-6 hours of TV a day. 23:40 That's not including video games and we're going to talk 23:43 about that in another program, so if you're a parent 23:46 out there who wants more information, or struggling with 23:49 your young person, so addicted to video games, 23:51 we're going to talk about that on future programs, 23:54 but the point is that Satan is taking up so much 23:59 of the time of our minds by us spending so much time 24:03 watching TV, or secular TV, because I believe 24:07 the same way Satan is trying to entertain the mind, 24:10 or take us in, God is trying to do the same thing. 24:13 Christian networks like 3ABN and other Christian programming 24:17 can be a blessing, allowing God to come in 24:20 and entertain the mind. 24:21 Let's consider witchcraft again for a moment. 24:24 We said earlier that the Bible 24:28 likens rebellion to witchcraft, and it's interesting 24:32 because as we view the entire entertainment industry: 24:35 rock, rap, when you think about the 60's, what was the spirit 24:41 that this industry was based on? 24:43 - Definitely rebellion. - Rebellion. 24:45 Rebellion against established order, rebellion against this, 24:47 rebellion against that, the entire hip-hop industry, 24:51 the reason, as a hip-hopper, I dressed the way that I did, 24:53 it was about rebellion and what this industry does 24:57 is it induces and it encourages rebellion. 25:01 Most people don't realize that that rebellion is really 25:05 against God, so when we talk about witchcraft 25:08 we're talking about Satan using these things 25:12 to whisper into our minds a spell of rebellion, 25:15 we might even call it black magic. 25:18 And that's what black magic is; in fact, the defintion 25:20 is this: 25:34 As we go back and we say "Okay, sorcery simply means" 25:36 "anything that medicates the mind", you know what 25:38 the Devil does? He says if you see somebody 25:40 walking down the street with a magic wand, then that's magic, 25:43 if you see someone with a chicken's head cut off, 25:47 then that's sorcery, and all that is really a disguise 25:51 to hide his battle plans because his battle plans 25:53 really are to get in and to use all these supernatural 25:57 elements and have us think: "Oh, this is just natural. " 26:01 "This is just normal. " Atonte, what is our hope? 26:04 It's interesting, we go back to Genesis 3:15, 26:07 we're told that the seed was to bruise the head 26:12 of the serpent. You know what's beautiful, 26:14 when Jesus Christ came, He died on a hill named Calvary, 26:20 and in other places it's called "Golgotha". 26:23 The word "Calvary", it actually means "cranium". 26:26 And the word "Golgotha", it'll tell you there that it means 26:29 "the place of the skull", the question is who's skull 26:32 was it that had that cross hammered into it? 26:37 None other, I believe, than the skull of Satan. 26:40 Praise God. 26:41 You know, when Jesus died, the Bible says there was 26:43 a great earthquake, so that that skull was broken apart. 26:49 That's right, it was crushed. The mind of Satan 26:53 was blown that Jesus Christ would sacrifice Himself 26:57 for us, sinful human beings, to make a way of escape 27:01 from the black hole, so that as we look at Christ 27:04 and see what He did for us on the cross, 27:06 guess what happens to our hard, rocky, carnal, rocky minds? 27:11 Guess what happens? They're broken. 27:14 Our hearts break and we say: "Lord, whatever You want me" 27:17 "to do, that I will do. " And He begins to pull 27:20 and to draw us, and when we are drawn because our hearts 27:23 and minds have been broken by Christ, there's nothing 27:27 the Devil can do to stop that from happening. 27:29 These are the things that we should get excited about. 27:32 These are things that young people should just 27:34 get on fire about because Jesus has already done it all 27:37 for us, we just have to accept it, believe in the power, 27:40 and actually do it. 27:41 That's right, and He promises: "I will give you that power. " 27:46 Remember, we are fighting against supernatural spirits, 27:50 supernatural power, and there is no way that we're going 27:54 to get the victory unless we come fully to Christ 27:57 and say: "Lord, here I am, empower me, make me wise," 28:01 "that I can have the victory. " 28:03 Well, our time is all done now, but until next time, 28:07 God bless. |
Revised 2014-12-17