Participants:
Series Code: FE
Program Code: FE000001S
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00:08 [bright marching band music continues] 00:16 [bright marching band music continues] 00:20 - The rise of this republic, 00:22 known as the United States of America, 00:24 begins not in Jamestown or Boston, 00:26 or even at Plymouth Rock, 00:28 but in places that most people don't think of 00:30 when they see the stars and stripes. 00:32 Still a distinctly religious country to this day, 00:35 the birth of this nation is really the product 00:37 of many long centuries of religious struggle 00:39 here in North America, back in the old country, 00:42 and even in the Middle East and Asia. 00:44 More than any other country, 00:46 the story of America is really the story of our world. 00:51 [bright marching band music] 00:59 [bright marching band music continues] 01:06 [bright marching band music fades] 01:13 [gentle music] 01:16 [tense music] 01:24 [tense music continues] 01:32 [tense music continues] 01:41 [tense music continues] 01:47 Chaos theory suggests that 01:49 the mere flap of a butterfly's wings 01:51 can trigger a series of consecutive events 01:53 that lead to a major disturbance like a hurricane 01:56 clear over on the other side of the planet. 01:59 To really understand where America comes from, 02:01 who we are as a people, 02:03 and where this nation is headed next, 02:05 you really have to account for a lot of butterflies. 02:09 Not that the rise of the republic is the product of chaos 02:12 or random chance mind you, 02:14 because once you pick up any number 02:16 of the historical threads 02:17 that lead to the Constitutional Convention of 1787 02:21 a pattern begins to emerge that makes you wonder if 02:24 maybe this was on purpose, 02:27 maybe somebody meant for this to happen. 02:30 Many of the people who were there 02:32 certainly seemed to think so. 02:34 [gentle music] 02:37 - [Narrator] "It becomes us humbly 02:38 to approach the throne of Almighty God, 02:42 with gratitude and praise 02:43 for the wonders which is goodness has wrought 02:46 in conducting our forefathers to this western world; 02:51 for his protection to them, 02:53 and to their posterity amid difficulties and dangers; 02:57 for raising us, their children, from deep distress 03:00 to be numbered among the nations of the earth." 03:03 [gentle music] 03:06 - So what remains to be seen 03:07 is whether or not they were right. 03:09 Is this nation an accident 03:11 or can we actually trace the finger of providence 03:14 from some point in the distant past to now? 03:17 And while we could probably start our investigation 03:19 at the very beginning of the world 03:21 because there are elements 03:23 from the very ancient past that do come into play, 03:26 maybe the best place to start 03:28 is with the fall of Jerusalem to the Muslim General Saladin 03:31 more than 800 years ago. 03:34 [tense music] 03:42 [tense music continues] 03:44 [footsteps thumping] 03:46 [crowd chattering] 03:48 [tense music] 03:55 This was not the first time 03:56 the Holy City had fallen to Muslim forces, 03:59 and the first time it triggered a response 04:01 from Pope Urban II, who launched the first crusade. 04:05 With an appeal to the 79th Psalm, 04:06 which bemoans the capture of Jerusalem 04:08 by the Babylonians, 04:10 crusaders eagerly made their way to Palestine, 04:12 and by 1099 the city where Jesus had taught 04:16 was firmly back in Christian hands. 04:19 [tense music] 04:25 But it was to be a short-lived victory 04:26 because less than a hundred years later 04:28 the great Saladin started picking off crusader settlements 04:32 on his way to the ultimate prize, the city of Jerusalem. 04:36 And before long it was again under Muslim control. 04:39 That came as such a shock to the Christians of the West 04:42 that they were convinced it's got to be a sign of the times 04:45 and if God had allowed the Holy City to fall, 04:48 well, then it must be a judgment for sin. 04:52 That was at least the opinion of Pope Gregory VIII. 04:55 [tense music] 04:57 - [Narrator] "Having heard of the severity 04:58 of the terrible judgment 05:00 which the divine hand had used over the land of Jerusalem, 05:04 both we ourselves and our brothers 05:06 are so confused with horror and afflicted with such sorrow, 05:09 that it is not easy for us to discern 05:12 how we are to act or what we are to do." 05:16 - Maybe God's people had been acting badly. 05:19 Maybe the Christian Church itself had become corrupt. 05:23 Maybe God was using the Muslims 05:25 to teach his church a lesson 05:26 the way he'd used the Babylonians in the past. 05:29 This sparked a new wave of preaching in Western Europe 05:32 focused on repentance 05:34 but it also focused on the possibility 05:37 that they were witnessing last day events 05:39 that would bring the rise of antichrist, a final battle, 05:43 and the end of the world. 05:44 To some people's way of thinking, 05:46 the Muslims seemed like a prime candidate for antichrist 05:49 and the Christians, of course, would be 05:50 the last day army that defeated them 05:52 and ushered in the second coming of Christ. 05:55 Suddenly Jerusalem became not just the place 05:57 where Jesus had been 05:59 but the place where Jesus would return to judge the world, 06:03 if only they could liberate it. 06:06 [tense music] 06:15 The events of the next three centuries 06:17 underscored the conviction 06:18 that the end of the world had come. 06:20 They knew from the words of Jesus 06:21 that one of the key conditions that had to be met 06:24 before the second coming 06:26 was the preaching of the gospel to the whole world. 06:28 So, in the middle of the 1200s, 06:31 two Franciscan missionaries made their way 06:33 into the heart of Asia 06:35 where they hoped to convert the Grand Khan 06:37 and enlist his help in defeating the Muslims. 06:40 A few years later, a Venetian merchant named Marco Polo 06:43 made the same journey 06:44 to meet with the grandson of Genghis Khan, Kublai Khan, 06:48 hoping that he would convert, 06:50 and of course he did not. 06:52 Then the signs of the end really started to pile up. 06:57 [tense music] 07:00 A devastating famine swept across 07:02 the European continent in 1315, 07:05 quickly followed by the black plague, 07:07 which wiped out as much as a third of the population, 07:10 up to 50 million people. 07:14 Then in 1378, there was a sudden split in the papacy 07:17 when Urban VI moved back to Rome from Avignon in France, 07:21 and the French elected a second pope 07:24 to fill his now empty seat. 07:26 It was known as the Great Schism 07:28 and it was yet another tumultuous sign 07:30 that the end must be near. 07:33 Then came the big blow that shook the world. 07:36 The sudden disappearance of the Roman Empire. 07:41 [tense music] 07:43 In the West, the Empire had long ago collapsed 07:46 back and 476 A.D., 07:48 when the last Western emperor was deposed. 07:51 That half of the empire had been carved up 07:53 among the various barbarian tribes 07:55 that eventually gave rise to the nations of Western Europe. 07:59 But in the East, the glory of Rome continued 08:02 for almost another thousand years 08:04 headquartered in Constantinople. 08:07 [tense music] 08:10 Over the years, the Byzantine Empire, 08:12 as the Eastern Empire was known, 08:14 had shrunk to the point 08:15 where the city was practically the whole thing. 08:19 It was surrounded by the Ottoman Turks. 08:22 Fortunately, the city had proven itself unconquerable 08:25 because just like Babylon of old, 08:27 the walls were completely undefeatable. 08:30 That is until the invention of the cannon. 08:35 [tense music] 08:37 In 1453, a young sultan by the name of Mehmed II 08:41 pulled up outside the city with a 27-foot monster cannon 08:45 capable of launching 1,500 pound cannon balls up to a mile. 08:52 The Turks laid siege to the city for 53 days 08:55 and nearly failed. 08:57 But on May 29th, 1453, the city fell. 09:02 So Constantinople became Istanbul, 09:05 the new capital of the Ottoman Empire 09:07 and Hagia Sophia, the largest Christian church in the world, 09:11 now became a mosque. 09:13 [tense music fades] 09:20 And that's the reason that Christopher Columbus 09:22 set sail for the New World. 09:24 Now, what many of us were told in school 09:26 was that a superstitious and ignorant Western Christianity 09:30 mistakenly believed the Earth was flat 09:33 and Columbus was trying to prove it was round. 09:35 By that account, Columbus would be numbered 09:37 with the likes of Copernicus and Galileo, 09:39 who also rattled the cosmological view of the church 09:43 a few years later in the 16th century. 09:46 But that just isn't true. 09:49 There might have been a few ignorant peasants 09:51 who thought the world was flat in Columbus' day 09:53 but the truth is we'd already known 09:56 the Earth was round for many centuries. 09:58 You see, some 500 years before Christ, 10:01 the Greeks had already figured out 10:03 that the Earth was a sphere. 10:05 They just didn't know exactly how big it was 10:08 until the Greek mathematician by the name of Eratosthenes 10:11 calculated the circumference in 240 B.C., 10:15 and he did it by simply placing a stick in the ground. 10:19 What he'd noticed was that at 12 noon 10:21 on the summer solstice in the city of Syene, 10:24 the sun was directly overhead. 10:28 He knew that because when you looked down a well 10:30 at that precise moment, 10:32 your head completely blocked the reflection of the sun. 10:36 So on another solstice again at 12 noon 10:40 he put a stick in the ground in the city of Alexandria, 10:43 5,000 stadia to the north, 10:46 and of course, the stick cast a shadow 10:48 because the sun was no longer directly overhead 10:51 and the angle of that shadow was seven degrees 12 minutes. 10:56 And seven degrees 12 minutes is roughly 1/50th of a circle. 11:01 So using that information 11:03 he could calculate the size of the whole sphere 11:05 and come up with the circumference of the planet. 11:09 Now, we're not quite sure 11:10 how big his units of measurement actually were, 11:13 but we do know that he came very close to the truth. 11:16 In fact, he might've gotten within 100 miles. 11:22 Then we had the work of Poseidonius 11:24 who used the stars to make a similar calculation 11:27 and he got a nearly identical result. 11:30 But then his work was revised 11:32 by the famous astronomer, Ptolemy, 11:34 who made a mistake 11:36 and underestimated the circumference 11:38 by several thousand miles. 11:40 But the fact remains, 11:42 we have known the Earth is round for a very long time. 11:46 So Columbus knew that the Earth was a sphere 11:49 because everybody with an education already knew that. 11:53 In fact, we think he had the Ptolemaic numbers, 11:56 which means that he actually thought the planet was 11:59 a little smaller than it actually is 12:01 but he knew that it was round 12:02 so that cannot be the reason he took three ships 12:05 and supposedly sailed off the edge of the world. 12:09 The reason we believe that fable is because, 12:12 well, Washington Irving, the famous American writer, 12:15 slipped that bit of nonsense into his fictionalized account 12:18 of the life of Columbus in 1828. 12:22 In his version, before Columbus sailed, 12:24 a panel of scholars at Salamanca questioned his sanity. 12:29 Let me read it to you. 12:31 "Columbus was assailed with citations from the Bible 12:34 the Book of Genesis, the Psalms of David, 12:37 the Prophets, the epistles, and the gospels. 12:40 To these were added the expositions 12:42 of various saints and reverend commentators: 12:45 St. Chrysostome and St. Augustine, 12:47 St. Jerome and St. Gregory, 12:49 St. Basil and St. Ambrose. 12:52 Doctrinal points were mixed up 12:54 with philosophical discussions, 12:56 and a mathematical demonstration was allowed no weight, 13:00 if it appeared to clash with a text of scripture, 13:03 or a commentary of one of the fathers." 13:08 He kinda makes it sound like 13:10 the inquisition was cross-examining Columbus 13:13 trying to prove him a heretic. 13:15 And as Columbus tries to defend himself, 13:18 a member of the panel starts mocking him. 13:22 "Is there anyone so foolish," he asks, 13:24 "as to believe that there are antipodes." 13:27 Now, that's a point on the other side of a globe. 13:29 "Antipodes with their feet opposite to ours; 13:32 people who walk with their heels upward, 13:34 and their heads hanging down? 13:36 That there is a part of the world 13:38 in which all things are topsy-turvy: 13:40 where the trees grow with their branches downward, 13:43 where it rains, hails and snows upward? 13:46 The idea of the roundness of the Earth 13:48 was the cause of inventing this fable." 13:53 The story makes for great entertainment. 13:56 We love to think of those old maps 13:59 with the inscription written right on the edge of the world, 14:01 "Here there be dragons." 14:04 But in the case of Columbus, it's just not true. 14:07 The real reason that Columbus set sail 14:09 toward the setting sun 14:11 was the conquest of Constantinople 14:14 and a growing conviction that he had been called by God 14:18 to hasten the return of Christ. 14:22 You see, Columbus was of the same mind 14:24 as the rest of Europe. 14:25 Something had to be done to liberate Jerusalem 14:28 so that Jesus could come and judge the nations. 14:31 Now, historically that wasn't quite what Christians 14:34 had always taught but the rapid spread of Islam 14:37 had made it seem like good eschatology. 14:40 So what Columbus wanted to do 14:42 like the Franciscan missionaries and Marco Polo 14:46 was to visit the Grand Khan 14:47 and convince him to become a Christian. 14:50 Not only would that help fulfill Jesus' prediction 14:53 that the gospel had to be preached to the whole world, 14:56 but it would also mean that the armies of Asia 14:58 could help them liberate Jerusalem. 15:01 He had heard of the Khan's fascination 15:03 with Christian belief, 15:04 and from the writings of Marco Polo 15:06 he also knew that the Khan was incredibly wealthy. 15:11 But how in the world could he get there? 15:13 I mean, just look at the map. 15:17 Now that Constantinople had fallen to the Ottoman Turks 15:20 and overland journey to Asia seemed completely impossible 15:24 because now the Muslims owned the whole Middle East. 15:27 And thanks to the vibrant sea trade 15:29 which took a lot of ships down the west coast of Africa, 15:32 he did know that you could sail around the tip of Africa 15:36 and get to Asia like that. 15:38 But it was long, it was expensive, 15:41 and it was dangerous. 15:43 So that left just one option. 15:46 You could sail to the west around the planet 15:48 and reach the Grand Khan that way, 15:51 and due to the fact that ocean-going vessels 15:53 had been greatly improved 15:54 thanks to the maritime battles of the Crusades, 15:57 the idea of sailing right around the whole world 16:00 actually seemed feasible. 16:03 And he suspected that someone may have already made the trip 16:07 in the opposite direction 16:09 because in 1477 on his way back 16:12 from an excursion to Iceland, 16:14 Columbus stopped in the city of Galway in Ireland 16:18 where the locals had made an amazing discovery. 16:20 Two dead bodies had washed up on the beach 16:23 but they weren't dead Irish sailors, 16:25 they weren't even European, 16:27 because they looked distinctly Asian. 16:30 Columbus records his amazement 16:32 in the margin of one of his favorite books 16:36 - [Narrator] Men of Cathay have come from the west. 16:38 We have seen many signs. 16:40 And especially in Galway in Ireland, 16:43 a man and the woman, 16:45 of extraordinary appearance 16:47 have come to land on two tree trunks." 16:52 - Cathay, of course, was the name for China 16:54 in the writings of Marco Polo. 16:57 And the odds that these two bodies 16:59 were actually from China was pretty remote. 17:02 But what if they were the remains 17:03 of Inuit from North America 17:05 or even Native Americans who had somehow 17:07 been delivered to Ireland by the Atlantic currents? 17:11 We don't really know 17:12 but it was obvious that someone had made it across 17:15 and that meant there were obviously currents 17:18 that could take Columbus back home if he chose to sail west. 17:22 If others had made it, Columbus could make it. 17:24 He could sail to the west and reach the Grand Khan. 17:28 There was one little catch though. 17:30 Columbus had greatly underestimated 17:33 the circumference of the planet, 17:35 probably thanks to Ptolemy 17:37 and an Arab scholar named Al-Farghani 17:39 who placed the distance at 20,000 miles. 17:44 But hidden in the missing miles was a brand new continent 17:47 just waiting to be discovered. 17:51 Now, in truth, we know that plenty of people 17:53 had discovered the Americas 17:54 because after all it was populated when he arrived. 17:58 And we also know that the Vikings 18:00 had discovered Newfoundland, or what they called Vinland, 18:03 almost 500 years before Columbus. 18:06 And on top of that, there's a pretty good chance 18:08 that 500 years before the Vikings, 18:10 an Irish monk named Brendan the Navigator 18:13 had also made it to North America. 18:16 The truth is, there were lots of people 18:18 who arrived before Columbus 18:21 but the voyage of Columbus was different 18:23 because he was the catalyst that opened up 18:25 the New World for European settlement. 18:28 And you might be tempted to write that off as coincidence, 18:30 as the product of chance, 18:32 but you would've never convinced Columbus of that. 18:35 He was convinced that God had sent him across the ocean 18:38 and almost from the very moment he started hunting 18:41 for a new path to Asia, 18:42 he started scouring the prophecies of the Bible 18:45 and any other source he could get his hands on 18:48 in search of clues, some kind of evidence 18:51 that what he was planning would actually hasten 18:54 the coming of Christ. 18:57 And he found it. 18:58 By studying the writings of Augustine in 1481, 19:02 he stumbled across the idea 19:04 that world history might only last 7,000 years. 19:08 So beginning in the Book of Genesis 19:10 he worked his way through the various 19:11 genealogies and chronologies 19:13 and came to the conclusion that the world was 19:15 5,241 years old. 19:18 That left 1,759 years until Jesus would come. 19:25 Which gave him plenty of time to liberate Jerusalem. 19:27 But then 20 years later, 19:29 after he'd already been to the New World, 19:31 he did the math again. 19:32 And this time the numbers came out differently. 19:35 Now there were only 155 years until the end. 19:39 What he had done by discovering a distant land 19:42 had happened just in time. 19:45 He also discovered the writings of a 12th century theologian 19:47 from Italy by the name of Joachim of Flora, 19:51 who dedicated himself to ferreting out the 19:53 secret meanings of the Book of Revelation. 19:56 And in those works, 19:58 Columbus discovered an all important statement. 20:01 It wasn't a biblical statement 20:03 but it had been written by a famous Christian luminary 20:07 and it almost took his breath away. 20:09 "Whoever rebuilt the temple in Jerusalem," Joachim said, 20:12 "was going to come from Spain." 20:15 Could it be a coincidence 20:18 that his expedition had been financed 20:20 by Ferdinand and Isabella 20:23 and that he had brought them 20:25 incredible wealth from the New world, 20:28 enough wealth to finance the liberation of the Holy land? 20:35 This is something we definitely don't hear about 20:37 when we learn about Columbus in school. 20:40 In fact, in recent years 20:41 we've painted him as something of a moral monster 20:43 and people have tried to wipe him from the history books. 20:46 And we should admit that it's at least partially true. 20:50 We know that he was a brutal governor 20:52 to the point where his New World colonists complained 20:54 and had him taken back to the old world in chains. 21:00 But at the same time, we discover a man 21:02 with a profound allegiance to his Christian faith, 21:06 no matter how misguided it might've been at times. 21:09 And we also find a man who had a keen sense 21:11 of prophetic destiny 21:13 and a deep conviction that God himself 21:17 had compelled him to sail across the ocean. 21:20 [uplifting music] 21:23 [waves crashing] 21:25 And it's that part of the story that suggests that 21:27 maybe his discovery of the New World wasn't an accident. 21:31 He was so unwavering in his conviction 21:33 that God was telling him to go, 21:35 that some fringe historians today have even suspected 21:39 that maybe he'd already been to the New World 21:41 but he needed the authority of a prince to claim it. 21:44 That's not what Columbus said, though. 21:46 Most people don't realize this 21:48 but Columbus wrote a rather extensive commentary 21:51 on the subject of Bible prophecy after his third voyage 21:54 where he tells us exactly what motivated him to go. 21:58 And at the beginning of that volume 21:59 where he lays out all the prophecies 22:01 he'd been studying in the Bible, 22:03 you find a letter to Ferdinand and Isabelle 22:06 and this is what he says. 22:10 - [Narrator] "During this time 22:11 I have studied all kinds of texts. 22:14 Through these writings, the hand of our Lord opened my mind 22:17 to the possibility of sailing to the Indies 22:19 and gave me the will to attempt the voyage. 22:22 With this burning ambition, I came to your Highnesses. 22:27 Who could doubt that this flash of understanding 22:29 was the work of the Holy Spirit, as well as my own? 22:33 The Holy Spirit illuminated his holy and sacred Scripture, 22:36 encouraging me in a very strong and clear voice, 22:40 urging me to proceed. 22:42 Continually, without ceasing a moment, 22:44 they insisted that I go on." 22:48 - In a letter he wrote to a friend of the queen, 22:49 Columbus said. 22:52 - [Narrator] "God made me the messenger 22:53 of the new heaven and the new earth, 22:55 of which we spoke in the Apocalypse of St. John 22:58 after having spoken of it by the mouth of Isaiah, 23:01 and he showed me where to find it." 23:04 - He was convinced beyond any shadow of doubt 23:07 that God had sent him to discover these new lands. 23:11 To his way of thinking, 23:12 he'd carried the gospel to an unentered region 23:15 and he discovered new wealth 23:16 that would finance a new crusade against the Muslims 23:20 so that Jesus could come. 23:23 The events that took us out of the medieval period 23:26 down to the time of the Reformation 23:28 and then onto the modern age were unquestionably 23:31 a part of the Bible's prophetic plan. 23:34 From the collapse of the Western Empire in the fifth century 23:37 to the fall of Constantinople in the 15th, 23:40 students of the Bible 23:41 by looking back through the quarters of time 23:44 have been able to see a steady fulfillment of prophecy 23:47 driving us closer and closer to the second coming. 23:51 This is one of Columbus' favorite passages 23:54 from the Prophet Isaiah 23:55 and you can see why he might like this. 23:59 - [Narrator] "They shall lift up their voice, 24:01 they shall sing; 24:03 for the majesty of the Lord 24:05 they shall cry aloud from the sea. 24:08 Therefore glorify the Lord in the dawning light, 24:11 the name of the Lord God of Israel 24:14 in the coastlands of the sea. 24:16 From the ends of the Earth we have heard songs: 24:20 Glory to the righteous!" 24:24 - Careful students of scripture today 24:26 have no doubt that the voyages of Columbus 24:29 were a fulfillment of Bible prophecy, 24:31 but not the way Columbus thought. 24:34 And on the day he died in 1506, 24:36 there was no way he could possibly have known 24:38 what he had just done to move the world 24:41 that much closer to its grand climax. 24:45 So, what does that have to do 24:46 with the birth of the American Republic? 24:49 Buckle your seat belts. 24:50 We're just getting started. 24:53 [tense music] 25:00 [tense music continues] 25:08 [tense music continues] 25:16 [tense music continues] 25:19 - [Announcer] This has been a broadcast 25:20 of the Voice of Prophecy. 25:22 To learn more about how you can get a DVD copy 25:25 of "Final Empire" for yourself, 25:27 please visit FinalEmpireDVD.com 25:31 or call toll-free 844-822-2943. 25:37 [gentle dramatic music] 25:45 [gentle dramatic music continues] 25:53 [gentle dramatic music continues] 26:01 [gentle dramatic music continues] 26:09 [gentle dramatic music continues] 26:19 [no audio] 26:23 - [Announcer] Here at the Voice of Prophecy, 26:24 we're committed to creating top quality programming 26:27 for the whole family 26:28 like our audio adventure series, "Discovery Mountain." 26:31 "Discovery Mountain" is a Bible-based program 26:34 for kids of all ages and backgrounds. 26:36 Your family will enjoy the faith-building stories 26:39 from this small 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you. 27:44 Visit BibleStudies.com and begin your journey today 27:47 to discover answers to life's deepest questions. 27:54 - [Announcer] Dragons, [dragon roars] beasts, 27:57 mysterious horseman, cryptic statues. 28:02 Bible prophecy can be incredibly vivid and confusing. 28:07 If you've ever read Daniel a revelation 28:09 and come away scratching your head, you're not alone. 28:14 Our free Focus On Prophecy guides are designed 28:16 to help you unlock the mysteries of the Bible 28:19 and deepen your understanding of God's plan 28:21 for you and our world. 28:23 Study online or request them by mail 28:26 and start bringing prophecy into focus today. 28:29 [gentle music] |
Revised 2023-11-22