Health for a Lifetime

Skin Cancers

Three Angels Broadcasting Network

Program transcript

Participants: Don Mackintosh (Host), Jonh Chung

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Series Code: HFAL

Program Code: HFAL000215


00:01 The following program presents principles
00:03 designed to promote good health
00:04 and is not intended to take the place of
00:06 personalized professional care.
00:09 The opinions and ideas expressed
00:10 are those of the speaker.
00:12 Viewers are encouraged to draw their own
00:14 conclusions about the information presented.
00:49 Hello, and welcome to Health for Lifetime.
00:51 I am your host Don Mackintosh,
00:52 and today we're gonna be talking about something
00:54 that strikes fear in people's hearts
00:56 and that's the word cancer, skin cancer
00:58 more specifically. And here to talk with us
01:01 about this is Dr. John Chung,
01:02 he is a dermatologist, well, actually has a
01:05 Residency in Family Medicine and then after
01:08 that he did another Residency in Dermatology,
01:11 and then he has a special training
01:12 and what's called Mohs surgery,
01:15 what it's specifically related I understand
01:16 to skin cancer. That's correct.
01:18 And you are practicing now in Dalton, Georgia,
01:21 the "Carpet Capital of the World,"
01:23 and evidently there is also skin cancer
01:26 there as well, right. And people come from
01:28 the surrounding areas to see you because
01:33 you are specialist in the surgical procedure,
01:36 Mohs surgery that I think we will hear more
01:38 about a little bit later, right,
01:39 but then dealing with skin cancer. Right.
01:43 Well, welcome and the first question
01:45 that we wanna ask you as you know how
01:47 prevalent or what are the forms of skin cancer
01:51 that you see in your office?
01:52 Well, three major kinds; Basal cell carcinoma,
01:56 Squamous-cell carcinoma and Melanoma,
01:58 okay. And there are over one million cases of
02:02 skin cancers every year in United States.
02:05 So let's look at that first one more in detail,
02:07 Basal cell carcinoma. I am trying to figure
02:10 out that means the basal cell.
02:12 It's in the top of the, it's in the lower part
02:16 of the epidermis. Okay, an epidermis is that
02:21 outer layer. That's correct, and it is a most
02:26 common skin cancer in the world,
02:28 and it is caused by the harmful effects
02:31 of ultraviolet rays. So another it's being in the
02:34 sun too much, right. What's it look like?
02:37 Well, it's pearly papule or nodule with sometimes
02:41 the ulceration and with telangiectasia that
02:45 is blood vessels on top of it.
02:48 And sometimes it presents as non-healing
02:51 ulcers, sometimes it just heals and it comes back
02:54 again in the same area.
02:55 So why is it's so dangerous?
02:58 Well, it doesn't metastasize, that is
03:01 spread to the other parts of the body
03:02 but is very locally destructive.
03:06 Sometimes we end up, taking out the entire
03:10 nose because it has affected entire nose,
03:13 sometimes entire ears taken off,
03:17 lips and I had one lady who neglected
03:21 this tumor for about 5 to 7 years,
03:25 during that time it had taken over the entire
03:28 right side of her face including the ear
03:31 and the side of, part of her neck.
03:33 You have to take it all off?
03:34 Yes, and it can be very, it can be locally
03:37 very destructive. So it's not something
03:40 to mess around with that,
03:41 and how rapid does it move or does
03:43 it just depend. It usually takes several years
03:46 to do that. So if you have any question
03:49 make sure and go in and set that, right exactly.
03:52 So then what are the odds of a person once
03:58 they have been treated by you,
03:59 getting another cancer?
04:00 Well there's about 40 percent chance of
04:02 getting another basal cell carcinoma
04:04 within 5 years. 40 percent chance,
04:06 no matter how well the treatment is
04:08 or how good it is. Right, right,
04:09 it's not that, that one is coming back
04:11 but rather you are getting a new one.
04:13 What about risk of other cancers,
04:14 is there a relationship?
04:15 Absolutely, there is increase in melanoma
04:18 in this type of patient, so when you have
04:21 any skin cancer of any type,
04:23 you need to have a full body examination,
04:25 okay, at least once a year.
04:27 Okay, before talking about you know the
04:30 treatment options, what about squamous-cell
04:34 carcinoma? Well, squamous cell carcinoma
04:35 is a second most common,
04:37 and there are 250,000 cases,
04:40 new cases in the United States every year.
04:42 And out of that about 2500 people die
04:45 every year from squamous cell carcinoma
04:48 of the skin. So that's very serious too.
04:51 Yeah, because the reason why you die because
04:55 it metastasizes, it spreads,
04:58 and the way it looks it's more firm,
05:02 scaly, papule or nodule on sun exposed areas
05:10 like the top of the ears, nose, bottoms,
05:14 bottom of the lip because that's we get direct sun
05:17 and arms, backs of the hands, places like that.
05:23 So let me ask you about the ear.
05:24 My grandfather had cancer on his ear
05:27 and then they take like a little chunk out
05:29 but the squamous-cells not in the cartilage area,
05:32 its right above it. Well, it starts in the skin
05:35 but it can destroy the cartilage.
05:37 And does that spread rapidly too from there?
05:39 It can spread rapidly. Because it gets into
05:43 the blood stream or something or what?
05:44 Gets into the local lymph nodes
05:45 and there it can go, but you know it has to be,
05:51 in order to do that lot of times
05:52 the patient is immunocompromised.
05:54 Okay, so their immune system is depressed
05:57 for some reason, right, maybe diabetes,
05:59 maybe generalized infection,
06:01 maybe something else. HIV patients or sometimes
06:06 there are organ transplant patients
06:07 and they are immunosuppressive.
06:10 Taking steroids. Immunosuppressive
06:11 in that case. Okay, right, immunosuppressive,
06:12 so then we talked briefly about the basal cell,
06:17 we talked about squamous cell,
06:19 now what about melanoma?
06:21 Now that is a very, very dangerous cancer,
06:24 skin cancer. It's a most dangerous
06:27 and there are about 54,000 cases,
06:30 new cases of melanoma every year
06:32 and I will say about 8 to 10,000 people die
06:36 from that every year. So you have less
06:39 incidents than squamous cell carcinoma
06:42 but much more deaths. And how long after
06:46 someone's diagnosed with melanoma,
06:48 do they succumb to, it just depends probably?
06:51 Well it depends on the, it depends on the
06:53 depth actually, so sometimes it may
06:56 take years, sometimes months we don't
07:00 really know. What does it look like?
07:03 Well, it has, we call it ABCDs of melanoma.
07:07 A stand for asymmetry, that means when
07:10 you look at a ball and if you have to cut
07:13 it in half, one side does not look like
07:16 the other side, and the border is irregular,
07:19 it's not perfectly round.
07:22 The color, there is usually more than one color,
07:25 two or three colors, although, you know,
07:27 that's not a harder pustule because sometime
07:30 we can have just a jet black, just one
07:32 color melanoma, and D is diameter
07:36 which is 6 millimeters or greater but
07:39 I've seen melanoma size maybe even
07:43 1 or 2 millimeters so you cannot go by the size.
07:49 And what part of the body do these usually occur on?
07:51 Well, in males is a trunk and anterodorsal.
07:57 Okay. In females, the back and the legs.
08:03 So man is the back and anterodorsal,
08:07 for women back and lower legs actually,
08:10 lower part of the legs. Okay, so the trunk
08:13 for the man, the back and the lower legs
08:15 for the females. Yeah, you know,
08:17 I had an interesting case of a man
08:19 who came into my office one time with a tick,
08:21 he couldn't take the tick off. So he came on,
08:25 was on his back and it was biting a melanoma.
08:29 It was biting a melanoma. So you know,
08:32 I told him that tick was send by God,
08:35 you know. But I don't suggest that you know
08:38 you depend on ticks to find melanoma.
08:41 You needed to see dermatologist on a
08:43 regular basis. Right, now the family medicines
08:47 specialist and, do they pick up on this too.
08:51 Yes, if they are well trained. So let me ask
08:54 you this, isn't it usually true that someone
08:57 doesn't just go directly to a dermatologist
08:58 but they are referred. That's right.
09:00 So you said, normally go see your dermatologist,
09:04 you mean ask your family medicine person
09:06 to refer you. That's what we recommend?
09:10 By what age? It's just, you can start
09:13 as an infant, but usually there are melanomas
09:16 and skin cancers don't start until after puberty,
09:20 unless they have a giant something called
09:24 congenital nevus. What was that congenital nevus?
09:28 The congenital nevus which is a huge,
09:32 the larger the mole when you are born with,
09:35 born then the higher risk of melanoma.
09:39 Okay, so in those of the cases you need
09:41 to follow that much earlier.
09:43 Okay, let's talk about treatment then,
09:45 going through the various things we've talked about,
09:47 we talked first of all basal cell carcinoma.
09:51 What's the treatment for basal cell carcinoma?
09:53 Well, you know, can I go back
09:56 little bit to melanoma.
09:57 Absolutely not, you can go ahead.
09:59 Because a melanoma, I think we need to know.
10:04 Couple more things about, yes,
10:05 some more serious, lets get much as we can.
10:07 Yes you can, melanoma can also occur
10:12 in Afro-Americans as well as Asians.
10:17 okay. And they occur most commonly
10:21 on the soles. The soles of the feet?
10:23 The soles of the feet and mucous membrane,
10:25 then palms, then the nail beds. Nail beds
10:28 like inside. Right, exactly,
10:30 so those are the places that you have to
10:32 watch out for in African-Americans
10:36 and Asians. So on the soles of the feet,
10:38 palms, and the hands, nail bed where else?
10:40 And mucous membrane inside the mouth.
10:42 Inside the mouth, how are you gonna
10:44 pick up on this, better look inside.
10:46 That's why I check every single person
10:48 that I do, full bodies and I look inside
10:50 the mouth. Now also it can involve the eyes
10:53 as well. So, where in the eyes,
10:55 underneath the lids? You can, actually something,
10:58 you have to do dilation of the eye
11:01 by an ophthalmologist. And you recommend that too,
11:05 you refer people to an ophthalmologist.
11:06 Especially if they had a history of melanoma,
11:08 you know, it will be good to do that.
11:11 Okay, are we ready sitting down and talk
11:13 more about treatment for basal cell carcinoma.
11:15 No, not yet. Not yet? Because I need to tell
11:16 you about the risk factors.
11:17 Okay, risk factors for melanoma.
11:19 Right, exactly. Okay, what are those?
11:20 One is, one is, if you are fair skinned your heart
11:24 is at higher risk. So it means,
11:25 I am higher risked.
11:26 You are higher risked than me.
11:28 I am higher risked than you.
11:29 And the other thing is history of sun burns
11:32 especially as child, sun burns, study shows
11:36 that up to about age 30 at least half
11:39 the people have one sun burn a year,
11:43 and sun burn is not the tan but it is the
11:46 sun burn that leads to lot of time to
11:49 squamous cell, I mean the basal cell carcinoma
11:52 and melanoma whereas squamous cell carcinoma
11:56 is more chronic cumulative.
11:58 I see. And also if you have more than 30 moles,
12:02 if average you have about 30 moles,
12:05 if you have more than 50, if you have more than
12:08 50 moles then you are at risk.
12:11 More than 50 moles. Yes, and also if you have
12:14 atypical or something of dysplastic moles.
12:18 What's that? This we called that pre-melanoma,
12:21 if you have these types of moles that
12:22 mean you are at high risk for melanoma.
12:25 And the other important thing is
12:26 family history of melanoma.
12:29 I had a patient who came in with,
12:33 with the father and the mother both
12:35 died of melanoma, sister and brother both
12:37 died of melanoma, and one of the uncles
12:40 and aunt died of melanoma.
12:41 Wow! And when he came in I was wondering
12:46 why they all died from melanoma,
12:48 and I looked at his moles and they look,
12:52 they did not look like the ABCDs so I just took
12:57 some samples here and there and many of them
13:01 were severely dysplastic and fewer
13:04 actually melanomas. Was that right?
13:06 Then I realized at that time,
13:08 the reason why did the other people died
13:10 is because they were just.
13:13 They missed it. Right, because they look
13:15 almost normal, not completely normal
13:18 but almost normal. And then this person
13:19 make it. Oh, yeah, this person we got it early,
13:22 so family history is very important.
13:24 So from family history it maybe like this guy,
13:27 they are atypical, they don't look like a normal
13:31 melanoma and the physicians may miss them,
13:33 so, that's right, make sure and tell people,
13:35 right. I saw your physician.
13:36 That's why one of the questions,
13:37 anybody in your family with melanoma,
13:41 if they say yes, you have to be much more
13:44 ready to do biopsies even slightly abnormal
13:47 moles instead of watching them.
13:49 So are these all the risk factors you wanna
13:51 cover for melanoma? Yeah, those are the
13:54 major risk factors. The major ones, okay.
13:56 And the prognosis depends on the depth,
13:59 how deep it has gone into the skin.
14:02 It may get into bloodstream or
14:04 other things and then it could be.
14:05 So earlier the better, the earlier the diagnosis
14:07 because almost, you have almost 100 percent
14:10 cure rate with early detection and treatment
14:13 of melanomas. We are talking with
14:14 Dr. John Chung, we are talking about melanoma
14:18 right now. We're gonna come back
14:19 and we're gonna look at treatment options for
14:21 both basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell
14:25 carcinoma and the melanoma.
14:26 Join us when we come back.
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15:29 Welcome back, we are talking with
15:31 Dr. John Chung. He is a dermatologist,
15:33 he is trained in family practice,
15:34 he is also a specialist in Mohs surgery
15:37 which has to do with cancer,
15:38 isn't that right? That's correct.
15:40 And we were talking about basal cell carcinoma,
15:42 simple squamous or squamous cell carcinoma
15:44 and then the dreaded melanoma.
15:46 You were giving us the risk factors
15:48 and really letting us now not to take this lightly,
15:51 make sure and have it checked out;
15:54 even if you have any suspicion whatsoever,
15:56 right. Prevention is lot better than catch up
15:58 with melanoma. Well, talk to us about the
16:00 treatment of these very serious conditions,
16:04 basal cell carcinoma. Okay, basal cell carcinoma
16:07 you can just treat it, there are many ways
16:09 to treat basal cell carcinoma actually.
16:11 One is just simply cutting it out,
16:13 the other one is you can cure it out that
16:16 is scraping it out, okay, and the other
16:19 way is you can actually freeze it,
16:21 freeze it really hard and the other way is,
16:25 injection with something called interferon.
16:28 Interferon is like a cancer drug, isn't it?
16:30 Right, it actually promotes your own body
16:32 to come and attack this cancer cells,
16:34 okay. And also there is a new medicine out
16:37 called Aldara cream, Aldara cream. Aldara,
16:41 that also promotes your immune system
16:45 to come and fight that. That is usually used
16:48 for superficial type of basal cell carcinoma
16:51 but by far the best treatment which has a
16:53 highest cure rate is that something called
16:55 the Mohs micrographic surgery.
16:58 Now Mohs micrographic surgery can be useful
17:00 for basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma
17:02 and melanoma. We can talk about that later.
17:07 So you look at it, you are specialist in that
17:10 and people there and your staff and you
17:12 just laser it out. Well, okay, let's go to
17:16 Mohs surgery, what that is?
17:18 Okay. You know, when you cut out a specimen
17:23 and then send it to the lab, they cut it
17:25 vertically and they look at 1, 1000th
17:28 of the margin, they are looking at 1, 1000th
17:30 of the margin and then based on that they
17:32 state that cancer is out or not, okay.
17:35 Where as in Mohs surgery you don't cut vertically,
17:38 you can cut kind of tangentially
17:41 and by the time you are done dyeing
17:43 and all that, dye with a special dyes
17:47 and cutting in certain way, you are looking
17:50 at 100 percent of the margins.
17:52 Okay, so you are not gonna miss something
17:54 that's on the side. Right, on the side
17:56 or deep size, you are looking at 100 percent
18:00 of the margins. So that's why the cure rate
18:03 of Mohs surgery is almost 100 percent,
18:07 and so especially with basal cell carcinoma,
18:10 and now squamous cell carcinoma you can treat
18:13 it with excision or just cutting it out
18:15 or sometimes you scrape it off especially
18:18 if it's early, and also you can do probably
18:21 the best treatment is Mohs micrographic
18:24 surgery which has a highest cure rate.
18:27 The other thing about Mohs micrographic surgery
18:29 is that you take out basically only the cancer
18:34 and you follow the cancer.
18:35 So you spare normal tissue and so you have
18:40 the smallest defect possible,
18:42 at the same time you have the highest cure rate.
18:45 So smaller the defect you have easier
18:49 time to close. So what's the cancer look like,
18:52 someone told me once, that the word cancer
18:53 means star fish, does it look like a star fish
18:56 in there, you have to go like tentacles this way,
18:58 that way, the other way. Some of them,
19:00 you know, some of them are just like a
19:01 round ball you can just it cut it off
19:02 but some of them have roots.
19:04 And then how do you know where to go,
19:05 you can just kind a see with your.
19:07 When you cut it, you cut the visible margin
19:10 but you can see, what you think maybe
19:12 the outline of the cancer then you take it out
19:15 and then you, we have a lab in house that's
19:20 the way you do Mohs micrographic surgery,
19:23 in house you cut it and dye it and then cut it.
19:28 They look at all these things and they see
19:29 if there is like in the middle of the cell or
19:31 something and they could figure out exactly.
19:32 Yes, we trace the cancer until it's gone.
19:37 So and it's the same treatment for melanoma
19:39 as well? Melanoma, you can do Mohs surgery.
19:42 We actually do Mohs micrographic surgery
19:44 for melanomas as well, but you can treat
19:48 it a lot of time with just regulate excision,
19:52 and those are the two major.
19:55 Usually people come to you because of the higher
19:57 success rate of the Mohs procedure, right.
20:00 How many people in United States
20:01 do that type of surgery?
20:06 Actually many, many people are doing it
20:08 who are dermatologists and some of them
20:11 are formally trained, some of them are trained
20:15 by somebody else, not but formal in a fellowship,
20:21 and so I can't tell you exactly how many people
20:23 are doing it. But the more, the better
20:27 and your estimation because it's highly
20:29 affective, exactly. So are we ready to move
20:33 on in terms of treatment, we want to talk about
20:34 maybe an underling cause like sun exposure.
20:37 Yes, let's talk about the sun. Alright,
20:39 what's good and what's bad about the sun?
20:41 Okay, well, you know, people think,
20:44 you know dermatologists say;
20:46 you know sun is absolutely bad avoided
20:48 at all cost. That is not true, you know
20:52 because sun actually has a lot of
20:55 beneficial effect. Without the sun there
20:58 will be no life in this earth. That's right,
21:00 not having green plants, not have.
21:02 Absolutely, it's absolutely vital for life.
21:04 And Florida will shut down.
21:06 Absolutely nobody will be going there,
21:08 that's right. I am probably going to move
21:10 back to Georgia. That's right.
21:11 Anyway there is photosynthesis
21:15 and also there is a, in order for your vision
21:18 to develop, you need light. Vitamin D,
21:22 all those different things.
21:23 Yes, and also exactly vitamin D synthesis.
21:26 You absolutely need although you can get it
21:30 from food supplements, Vitamin D from
21:33 ultraviolet B is very, very affective
21:37 and also sun cures pathogens and it gives you
21:43 warmth, then also helps with depression, right.
21:47 People who live in a sunny area tend to be
21:49 happier and it helps with multiple skin diseases
21:54 as well that we talked about like,
21:55 like psoriasis, even eczema, acne.
22:00 We'll talk about eczema but, eczema is a type
22:02 of dermatitis. Oh, it's the same word, yes,
22:04 alright. And acne, and there are some other
22:06 diseases. Drives them out. Right,
22:09 and now you don't like, like food you know
22:13 too much of good thing is not a good thing.
22:16 Right, right. So what are some of the
22:18 harmful effects; obviously skin cancer.
22:21 Now we talked about before is a sun burns
22:26 that are bad. Sun burns and if you have,
22:29 when you are young, you are at high risk
22:31 for melanoma. Exactly, because most of your
22:34 sun burns and sun exposure you get before
22:36 age 18, and so we have to be very careful
22:42 about and educate the parents about too much
22:47 sun exposure when they were young.
22:49 You need a sun but not too much that will
22:52 cause sun burns. You know I don't get on people
22:55 when they have a little bit of tannest,
22:57 not a big deal, but when they came out
22:59 with the burn, when they are peeling
23:01 and they are blistering that's when I,
23:03 you know kind of chastising.
23:06 And the other thing is it can cause cataract
23:10 formation. Sun exposure. Sun can, and aging,
23:16 two of the worse things for fast aging is sun,
23:20 excessive sun and also smoking.
23:24 And there are certain skin disease as well
23:28 that can be worsen by the sun like lupus
23:32 and there is something called polymorphous
23:34 light eruption, and something called
23:39 porphyria, all those things can get be worsen
23:42 by the sun. Okay, so it's a good thing,
23:44 but it can be a bad thing too, too much of it.
23:47 Absolutely and you know people ask about
23:51 tanning bed, tanning bed is not good for you.
23:54 Tanning bed actually can lead to skin cancers.
23:56 So do not go the tanning bed.
23:58 No, absolutely not. If you are operating
24:00 in tanning bed, shut it down, that's what you
24:02 would say right? Well in another words,
24:05 you are concerned about it, right,
24:06 especially the more fair skin, I mean the people
24:08 that go to those usually are fair skinned,
24:10 right. Yes, because I don't see. I don't see
24:12 many tan Amazon people going to get a tan.
24:15 So you know if you are someone like me
24:20 you know freckles and you know I have tans
24:23 and just tiny little spots all over me,
24:27 more risk for that, do you see a lot of
24:29 people like me? I do, I see a lot of, most
24:32 of the cancer surgery that we do are in Caucasians.
24:35 Okay, alright, anything else about the sun
24:40 that we need to talk about?
24:43 How about protection from the sun?
24:45 Yeah, protection, I mean wearing an over
24:47 coat to the neck. Well, it's hard to do during
24:50 summer time, okay. So you know there are
24:53 lot of good ways to protect yourself,
24:55 is one is sunscreens. And how you know
24:58 if it's good or bad? Well, higher the number
25:02 the better, but higher the number it can cause
25:06 more reactions, so what I like to do is like
25:11 15, 30 or on there will be good that is SPF
25:16 which means sun protection factor, okay,
25:19 a special number that's given, 15 to 30,
25:24 yeah 15, 30, okay. That's not necessary, you know,
25:28 the other thing is better if it's broad spectrum
25:33 that is, recovers both ultraviolet A
25:36 and ultraviolet B, okay. Now ultraviolet B
25:40 is about 60 hundred times more carcinogenic
25:46 than ultraviolet A. So you want to cover both
25:49 ultraviolet A and B, right, 15 to 30.
25:52 Right because ultraviolet A in combination of B
25:56 causes I mean exacerbates.
26:02 What about if I lay, under the umbrella
26:04 and I don't get on the sun anyways, isn't that okay?
26:07 No, about half, it takes probably twice as long
26:13 to get us sun burn because you have all these
26:17 scatter light through all the ground and also.
26:23 So it does cut it down some but it doesn't
26:26 totally protective you. No, you can get sun burn
26:28 under umbrella. What about going on
26:30 a cloudy day, just make sure there are some
26:32 clouds there, I am okay. No, about, you still get
26:36 about 70 to 80 percent of ultraviolet through that.
26:42 Only problem is it's actually is more dangerous
26:44 to go out during cloudy day because.
26:46 You don't feel it. You don't feel the heat
26:48 because that is also it's by infra red that
26:52 gives you the heat, but sun blocks infra red
26:56 and so you stay out there, you are getting
26:58 the ultraviolet the harmful ray and you,
27:01 there much longer. We get about 1 minute
27:03 left what about being in high altitudes,
27:07 still dangerous up there? Yes, higher you go
27:09 the worse it is. Because you are closer
27:11 to the sun? Right every thousand feet that
27:14 you go up, you loose about 4 percent higher
27:21 so it's totally; if you go 5000 feet it's about
27:25 20 percent more harmful. So watch out for
27:28 that sun, we've been talking with
27:29 Dr. John Chung. He is a specialist in the
27:32 Mohs type surgery. He also deals with
27:35 dermatology on a day and day out basis
27:37 there in Dalton, Georgia. We are really
27:39 thankful that you have been with us today,
27:40 and we've learned a lot in this program about
27:42 things that are very important, very serious
27:44 not to be taken lightly and you've given us
27:47 really practical counsel. I know that you are not
27:49 trying to take the place of someone's
27:50 personal physician, but if they follow
27:53 they're gonna be really benefited.
27:55 Thank so much for watching
27:56 and may God bless you.


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Revised 2014-12-17