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Program Code: IIWSS023032S


00:00 (uplifting theme music)
00:12 (music ends)
00:16 >>Welcome to "Sabbath School,"
00:17 brought to you by It Is Written.
00:20 We are delighted to have you back with us again
00:22 as we continue our journey through the book of Ephesians,
00:26 an encouraging study and encouraging book.
00:30 And we're taking a look at it week by week,
00:33 study by study, verse by verse.
00:36 This week, we're looking at lesson 7,
00:38 "The Unified Body of Christ."
00:41 Let's begin with prayer.
00:42 Father, we want to thank You for being
00:45 with us as we study the book of Ephesians.
00:47 And as we continue to delve its depths,
00:50 we ask that You will bless us with a deeper understanding.
00:53 We thank You in Jesus' name.
00:55 Amen. >>Amen.
00:57 >>So we're grateful that you're here,
00:58 and Dr. John McVay,
01:00 we are grateful that you are here with us again,
01:03 the author of the quarter's Sabbath school lesson.
01:05 You are currently serving
01:07 as the president of Walla Walla University.
01:09 You sound like you're a fairly busy individual.
01:11 >>(chuckles) Well, it's been wonderful to carve out time
01:15 over the last years
01:16 to work afresh on "Ephesians," Sabbath school quarterly
01:19 and the companion book and so on,
01:21 and wonderful to be here with you, Eric.
01:24 >>And we're having fun delving into this
01:26 and discovering new things
01:29 and opening our minds and our hearts
01:31 to new and interesting truths and possibilities,
01:34 so, a fantastic journey.
01:36 Here we are now on lesson number seven--
01:38 >>Yes.
01:39 >>...lesson number seven of 14.
01:41 >>Mm-hmm. >>So we're getting close
01:43 to halfway. >>Yes.
01:44 >>By the time we're done today,
01:46 we'll actually be halfway-- >>Mm-hmm.
01:48 >>...but hopefully not halfway done with
01:50 a complete study of the book of Ephesians.
01:52 >>(chuckles) Oh, we're just actually scratching the surface,
01:56 but it's fun to study this together.
01:59 >>It really is.
02:00 This week we're looking at "The Unified Body of Christ,"
02:03 and we're looking specifically at chapter 4,
02:06 the beginning of chapter 4, verse number 1,
02:09 we see a shift in focus.
02:11 >>We've been looking-- >>Yes.
02:13 >>...in one direction up to this point,
02:14 and now in chapter 4--
02:16 and there's only six chapters in the book of Ephesians,
02:19 so it's a relatively short book--
02:20 but here in chapter 4, something happens.
02:22 Something shifts. >>Sure.
02:23 >>What happens here? >>Sure.
02:24 Well, in chapters 1-3, Paul has been unpacking
02:28 some really wondrous theology, hasn't he?
02:34 It's been a God-focused, Christ-saturated,
02:38 Spirit-inspired letter to this point,
02:41 where he really is unpacking the grand plan of God
02:44 to unify everything in Christ and how
02:47 that's especially focused on God's initiative through Christ
02:51 in creating one new humanity, which we call the church.
02:57 So he's been unpacking this glorious
03:00 theological trail through the first half of Ephesians,
03:04 and it's been a wonderful trail to trace together.
03:08 But then in chapter 4, verse 1,
03:10 as is true of most of his letters, the focus shifts.
03:14 It's not that there's no doctrine here.
03:15 It's not that that same wondrous theology isn't in view,
03:19 but he gets down
03:20 to the nitty-gritty of Christian discipleship.
03:22 How does all this wondrous, high-flown,
03:26 heavenly-places theology really impact the church
03:30 and its life and church members in their lives together?
03:34 Where does the rubber meet the road?
03:36 And we feel that change signaled in chapter 4, verse 1:
03:40 "I therefore, a prisoner [of] the Lord,
03:44 "urge you to walk in a manner
03:46 worthy of the calling to which you have been called."
03:49 So, after an introduction like that,
03:51 you're gonna expect some advice, some counsel
03:54 about how to live.
03:58 >>So now it's not so much the lofty; it's, "Okay,
04:01 you know, what about you?" Where the rubber meets the road,
04:04 where the boots meet the ground--
04:05 >>Yes. >>...the day-to-day life,
04:07 what does this look like? So, as we read down
04:12 through the next, well, several verses,
04:15 if we're not paying attention,
04:17 it can seem perhaps a little disjointed.
04:19 >>Yes, it can.
04:20 >>But Paul, though he writes some things, as Peter says,
04:23 they're difficult to understand at times,
04:25 he's led us up through the first three chapters
04:29 to see that he has the themes. >>Yes.
04:32 >>And goes from point A to point B to point C.
04:34 We wouldn't expect him here, as we get to chapter four,
04:37 to just lose
04:38 that train of thought. >>No.
04:40 No, he remains very organized in his thought, and, in fact,
04:43 though he now turns to advice and counsel
04:48 directed toward how we act and behave
04:51 as disciples, particularly together in the church,
04:54 there's still a good dose of wondrous theology here.
04:57 He's gonna give us a new picture of the exaltation
05:02 of Jesus, harking back to the end of chapter 1.
05:05 You remember when we studied the exaltation
05:08 of Jesus there and this, these four historical events,
05:12 and Christ being enthroned with the Father and so on.
05:17 He's gonna give us a fresh picture
05:18 of the exaltation of Jesus.
05:20 So even though it's nitty-gritty,
05:23 rubber-meets-the-road counsel,
05:26 there's still rich theology that he presents.
05:29 >>So if we look at verses 1-16 here,
05:32 how would we kind of break that down,
05:34 break it apart-- >>Sure.
05:36 >>...pull it apart? How does it fit nicely together?
05:38 >>Well, verses 1-6 is a call to unity.
05:42 And it has two sections.
05:46 It has a list, a discussion
05:50 of attributes and actions that foster unity in the church,
05:54 'kay? So he talks about
05:58 "humility and gentleness, with patience"--
06:00 verse 2--"bearing with one another in love" and so on.
06:05 But then in verses 4-6,
06:09 it becomes more poetic or hymn-like.
06:12 And he gives this list of seven ones,
06:15 this wondrous list of seven ones.
06:18 "There is one body"--counting them,
06:20 that's number one, right? One of the sevens.
06:22 There's "one body," there's "one Spirit--
06:26 "just as you were called to...one hope"--
06:28 there's number three--"one Lord, one faith, one baptism"--
06:33 and concluding, appropriately enough--
06:35 "one God and Father of all, who is over all
06:38 and through all and in all." Did we get all seven?
06:40 >>That's all seven of 'em.
06:41 >>Seven, and, you know, the number seven has that sense
06:44 of fullness, completeness, perfection.
06:48 So one, one, one, "one Lord, one faith,
06:50 one baptism," and so on,
06:53 this is a beautiful, wonderful celebration
06:58 of unity that we find in verses 1-6,
07:02 a call to unity, an announcement of unity.
07:07 And perhaps it's a good thing to pause right there
07:11 for a moment, Eric, and talk about unity
07:16 in these first six verses.
07:19 Paul seems to be almost of two minds here.
07:22 So, it's clear that unity is a theological fact.
07:29 He celebrates those in those sevens, right?
07:30 Those seven ones. There is not, "There might be,"
07:35 but there is "one body," "one Spirit," and so on,
07:40 "one Lord, ...one baptism, one God and Father of all."
07:45 There's--he's celebrating this unity
07:48 as a God-given fact, a theological truth.
07:54 And sometimes I think we need to do more of that.
07:58 We get worried about some spat
08:00 that we're having in our local congregation
08:01 over the color of the carpet in the new renovation, right?
08:05 (chuckles) And we forget that, in fact, theological truth:
08:12 Blood-bought by Christ on Calvary, we are one.
08:14 >>That's right. That's right.
08:16 And he's helping us to revisit that.
08:19 >>He is. >>Or perhaps visit it
08:20 for the first time for ourselves
08:22 if we've sensed some disunity.
08:25 So in verses 1-6, there's a call to unity.
08:28 What do we see in 7-16?
08:30 >>Well, before we move there, looking at verse 3, you notice
08:33 that while unity is a theological fact,
08:37 Paul can say you need to be "eager to maintain
08:40 the unity of the Spirit in the bond of [faith]."
08:43 And the Greek verb for "unity" there is an energized word.
08:47 I mean, it's a theological fact.
08:51 It is truth. But you need to work hard to make it happen.
08:55 Now, that seems a little bit--
08:59 doesn't align quite right
09:01 in our heads, but nonetheless, that's a fact.
09:03 We are, theologically--divine fact--we are united,
09:07 but we need to work zealously to actualize
09:11 that unity that is God-given fact.
09:14 >>I can only imagine that if more of us, as Christians,
09:18 worked zealously to realize the theological fact,
09:22 imagine how different the church would be today--
09:25 >>Yes. >>...if we were able to find
09:27 unity, as opposed to just hoping for it
09:31 and wishing for it, as it were.
09:33 >>Now, in the second major section of our passage,
09:35 verses 4--verses 7-16,
09:41 Paul is going to give us an image of the exalted Jesus
09:45 as the Giver of gifted people to His church, 'kay?
09:49 So hang on to that,
09:51 because this is where it gets a little confusing.
09:53 He cites a specific verse from Scripture,
09:57 Psalm 68:18. It's a complex passage
10:01 with an ascent and descent,
10:03 and this, that, and the other go on,
10:04 and it's easy to get a little lost.
10:07 So hang on to--we should all hang on together
10:10 this idea that, in this second major section,
10:14 he's giving us an image of the exalted Christ
10:18 as the One who gives gifted people to His church, okay?
10:22 And we'll see how that works out.
10:24 >>Okay, very good. So, what should we learn?
10:28 I guess--let me put it that way:
10:29 What should we learn about the unity of the church
10:32 from this passage that we're pulling out here?
10:37 >>It's God-given fact, theological truth,
10:39 yet we need to work hard to help actualize it
10:42 and help it come into being in our experience
10:46 in our local congregations, in our city, and so on.
10:50 And number three, that unity is enhanced
10:54 by the gifted people that God places
10:57 within the church--their role, if they're playing the role
11:01 the ascended Jesus wishes them to play,
11:03 is to bind the church together,
11:06 to help it be unified in its life and its witness to Jesus.
11:10 >>So I'm gonna make an assumption here--
11:13 and I'm fairly comfortable
11:15 with making the assumption-- (Dr. McVay laughs)
11:17 that if God wants His church to be unified,
11:21 He wants everybody to be a part
11:24 of that work, of that message,
11:28 of that understanding, of that body.
11:30 Because if you have some who are agreeing to being
11:34 a part of it and others who would just as soon go along
11:38 for the ride, as it were, we're not gonna see that unity,
11:42 and we're not gonna see the power and the strength, are we?
11:45 >>No. So, at the beginning and ending
11:48 of this second half of our passage,
11:50 in verses 7 and verse 16,
11:54 Paul underlines a very important principle, and that is
11:58 that every church member is gifted by Jesus.
12:04 Everyone has some role in helping
12:08 to bring this wonderful theological fact
12:12 of unity into the congregation at hand,
12:16 into the fellowship of the church, every church member.
12:20 >>And there are lots of different gifts--
12:22 >>Yes. >>...many different gifts,
12:23 and not everyone
12:24 has the same gifts. >>Right, right.
12:26 >>I'm perfectly comfortable admitting the fact
12:29 that I do not have the gift of song,
12:30 of singing. (Dr. McVay chuckles)
12:32 I'm not gifted in that area at all.
12:34 Hospitality? Ehhh.
12:36 Speaking? Maybe.
12:38 But everybody has different gifts.
12:41 >>Yes. >>And so we're gonna talk
12:42 about some of those gifts a little bit
12:44 and see where different people can fit in,
12:46 and we're gonna look at what Paul has to say
12:50 about the unity of the church, those gifts, and what he,
12:54 by the grace of God, wants to see happen in our churches.
12:59 We're gonna come back and look at that in just a moment.
13:01 But before we do, I want to encourage you and remind you
13:05 that, in addition to the weekly studies that you are doing
13:08 on the book of Ephesians, there is a companion book
13:11 to this weekly study, called "Ephesians" by Dr. John McVay.
13:15 You can pick this up at itiswritten.shop.
13:19 Again, that's itiswritten.shop.
13:21 And it will give you so much more.
13:24 You do not wanna miss the opportunity to pick up
13:27 this companion book, you will be blessed by it,
13:31 and it will help you in learning more about God's plan
13:35 for your life, the beautiful letter that Paul wrote
13:37 to the church in Ephesus.
13:39 It is worth adding to your library, not just to look good
13:43 on your shelf, but to really bless your heart and your soul.
13:47 We're going to come back in just a moment
13:48 as we continue looking
13:50 at this week's lesson on the book of Ephesians.
13:53 We'll be right back.
13:54 (uplifting theme music swells and ends)
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14:58 (uplifting theme music)
15:03 >>Welcome back to "Sabbath School,"
15:04 brought to you by It Is Written.
15:06 We're continuing our study of lesson number seven,
15:09 looking at "The Unified Body of Christ."
15:11 And, John, before we went to break,
15:13 we were talking a little bit about this passage
15:16 that Paul quotes from Psalms here in verse number 8.
15:21 And you mentioned some very interesting characteristics
15:23 of this passage or this verse. What do we see here?
15:28 >>Well, I believe that
15:30 studying the Old Testament passage is really the key
15:32 to understanding the ascent and the descent
15:34 and some of the complexity of the passage here.
15:37 So if you go back to Psalm 68, verse 18,
15:40 it's a passage describing Yahweh, the Lord.
15:44 And it's describing Him, as is fairly frequent
15:48 in the Old Testament literature, as the great warrior.
15:52 So God is the great warrior stepping
15:54 onto the stage of history to right wrongs and so on.
15:58 And so here's the picture:
16:00 "You ascended on high, leading a host of captives
16:04 in your train and receiving gifts among men."
16:07 That's the picture; that's the snippet, 'kay?
16:11 Now, what's fascinating is that
16:13 when Paul quotes the verse,
16:16 he doesn't have the Yahweh Lord figure
16:20 as receiving gifts but giving gifts.
16:24 And that may be simply because at the end of the passage,
16:28 oh, verse 35, God is giving gifts.
16:32 So Paul may be drawing some things together
16:36 in Psalm 68. But the picture here is a warfare picture.
16:42 The Lord Yahweh has just won a great battle, a great war.
16:46 And when you do that in the context of the ancient world,
16:51 you ascend to the top of your capital city,
16:55 'cause your city's probably on a,
16:56 what we call a "tell" these days, right?
16:58 You ascend to your capital city. So, "You ascended on high,"
17:01 meaning, You ascended to your capital city.
17:04 You "led a host of captives in Your train."
17:06 So You've won this great victory. You have prisoners of war.
17:10 You have a victory parade
17:12 up to Your city with these captives behind You,
17:17 testimony to the great victory that You've won.
17:20 And You receive gifts from people;
17:22 You receive tribute from those You have conquered.
17:25 You see the basic picture there.
17:27 Now, Paul is reading Psalm 68:18
17:30 just like he reads Psalm 8 and Psalm 110,
17:33 and he's seeing here a prophecy of Jesus.
17:39 And he believes that when Jesus ascended on high,
17:45 He then gave gifts to His people.
17:48 'Kay, so Jesus has won on Calvary's tree
17:52 a tremendous victory over,
17:55 against what seems to be obvious.
17:57 It wasn't a defeat. His death wasn't a defeat.
18:01 Colossians 2, verse 15,
18:03 it was, in fact, a victory over the powers of darkness.
18:06 And Jesus ascends to heaven,
18:10 and from heaven, having been exalted, from heaven,
18:14 He gives gifts to His people.
18:16 That's the basic picture, 'kay?
18:19 >>So we've got Jesus giving these gifts, and then
18:23 Paul starts talking a little bit about some of these gifts.
18:27 What do we see here?
18:29 >>It identifies, Paul identifies for us in verses 11 and 12
18:33 of chapter 4 of Ephesians--
18:36 he identifies what the gifts were, right?
18:41 And so, the verses 9 and 10
18:45 try to sort out the ascent and the descent.
18:48 I think we follow the order of the psalm.
18:51 In that case, the ascent comes before the descent.
18:55 The ascent is Christ's ascent to the throne of God
18:58 following His resurrection.
19:00 The descent is Christ's descending in the Spirit
19:03 at Pentecost to give gifts,
19:05 okay? >>Very good.
19:06 >>Now, some of the translations don't help us
19:08 because they insert a word--He "first" descended.
19:13 But that word "first" is not in the Greek text.
19:16 And so I think we should track on the order
19:19 that the psalm gives us.
19:21 Exaltation, the ascent comes first with Christ's ascent
19:25 following the resurrection.
19:27 And the descent follows with Christ, in His Spirit,
19:31 descending at Pentecost.
19:33 >>Very good. >>Okay?
19:34 So then it says in verse 11,
19:37 "And He gave"--remember,
19:38 the ascended Christ is now from the heights,
19:42 from the exaltation of heaven.
19:44 He is pouring out His Spirit. He is giving gifts.
19:46 This would be Acts, chapter 2 language,
19:49 the end of Acts 2, verses 33-36.
19:52 "And He gave"--or the gifts that He gave were--
19:57 that some would be apostles, prophets,
20:01 evangelists, pastors, and teachers.
20:05 Now, the particular Greek syntax there suggests
20:07 that pastor, teacher are one group.
20:10 So these are pastors/teachers--
20:12 >>Pastors who are teachers.
20:14 >>...pastors who are teachers, teachers who are pastors.
20:16 They're sharing this activity.
20:20 So you have these four categories of
20:23 what could be called ministers of the Word, right?
20:27 In some way or another, they're ministering God's Word
20:30 to people, evangelistically, as a form of nurture and so on.
20:35 So they're ministers of the Word.
20:37 And the comparison with 1 Corinthians 12 is interesting.
20:41 In 1 Corinthians 12,
20:43 the Spirit gives spiritual gifts to people.
20:47 In Ephesians, chapter 4, a little twist on the imagery here,
20:51 Jesus is the Giver of the gifts.
20:54 And He doesn't so much give spiritual gifts
20:56 to people as He gives gifted people to His church.
21:01 You see the slight difference there?
21:03 So He gives these people. Now, at that point, Eric,
21:06 we have to ask ourselves, who are these people?
21:09 Because we kind of think we know
21:11 who some of these people are.
21:12 We know who evangelists are, and we know who pastors are,
21:17 and we kind of know who teachers are,
21:20 but our categories
21:21 for those don't necessarily match precisely
21:25 what Paul is thinking of in the first century in Ephesus.
21:29 This is in a day long before there were conference offices
21:32 and paychecks and, you know, all of those things.
21:35 Paul really here is highlighting local church leaders
21:40 in the local house churches and those people
21:43 who had these roles of sharing the Word of God
21:47 with their fellow members, of sharing the message
21:50 of the gospel with the community, and so on.
21:53 So we ought not to think of these
21:54 as some special class of people, clergy, and so on.
21:59 These are lay members of the church.
22:01 These are church members who have added
22:04 to their vocations of earning bread a role,
22:09 God-breathed, God-ordained role.
22:13 >>Which kind of makes sense if Paul is writing
22:15 this letter to the church in Ephesus--
22:17 >>Mm-hmm. >>...to let them know
22:19 that these are some gifts that they can expect to see there
22:21 in that local church. >>Right, right.
22:24 >>Makes a whole lot of sense.
22:26 >>And so Paul's gonna work this out
22:28 in the context of the body metaphor.
22:30 And again, the body metaphor is similar
22:33 in some ways to its presence in 1 Corinthians 12.
22:36 And in some other ways it's fairly different.
22:39 So in Romans 12, in 1 Corinthians 12,
22:44 the head is not distinguished
22:46 as a particularly important part of the body.
22:49 This is the first time, Colossians and Ephesians,
22:52 where the head is identified.
22:53 And here the head is-- >>The Christ.
22:56 >>...is Christ, right?
22:58 So the head is Christ. So that's a little bit new.
23:01 And then also here,
23:03 these gifted people that we've just talked about
23:06 are identified in the context of the body metaphor
23:09 as ligaments or tendons.
23:11 And so they're playing a role as connective tissue, right?
23:16 Uniting the body, pulling everything together.
23:19 The role of these ministers of the Word ought to be,
23:22 if it's functioning well,
23:24 it ought to be to help unify the church,
23:27 actualize that unity, which is our God-given right and fact.
23:32 >>I like the way you use the term
23:34 "if it's functioning well."
23:35 >>(chuckling) Yes, if it's functioning well.
23:37 >>Because we--there are ideals,
23:39 and then there's the situation
23:40 in which we find ourselves in the real world.
23:43 Paul kind of makes reference
23:45 to something along those lines in verse number 14.
23:47 In verse 14, he says,
23:49 "That we should no longer be children, tossed to and fro
23:51 and carried about with every" this, that and the other.
23:54 The indication here is things aren't going 100% smoothly.
23:58 >>Yep, this is a very idealistic letter,
24:01 but one has the sense that Paul chooses to be in that tone.
24:04 He doesn't want to add to their being downhearted
24:08 about what it means to be a Christian.
24:10 So mostly he stays on a fairly idealistic plane.
24:13 But this would be probably the principal place
24:16 in the letter, chapter 4, verse 14,
24:19 where he suggests there could be some issues,
24:21 apparently some false doctrine floating around and so on.
24:25 Don't be "children, tossed to and fro by the waves,
24:28 "carried [around] by every wind of doctrine,
24:30 by human cunning, by craftiness."
24:32 There's a lot of different imagery
24:34 that's going on in verse 14.
24:38 Someone has summarized all these metaphors
24:41 that he's using this way:
24:42 "Stop being babies tossed high by waves
24:46 "and blown about by every gust of teaching
24:48 in this sea of human trickery."
24:52 It's quite an image, quite a set of images.
24:54 >>That puts it down in our terms,
24:56 in our language that we can understand.
24:59 And we're talking here this week
25:01 about "The Unified Body of Christ."
25:03 And as you mentioned, Paul is being somewhat idealistic
25:06 about this. >>Yes.
25:07 >>But we also recognize
25:09 that he's dealing with reality in here.
25:11 The reality for someone who's watching this,
25:13 listening to this week's program right now
25:15 is they may see a lack of unity,
25:18 a lack of participation in perhaps their own local church.
25:23 >>Sure. >>What words of encouragement
25:25 would you give them to help buoy them up
25:28 above the morass of reality, at least as they see it,
25:33 and help them to see the exalted picture
25:36 and the very realistic possibility
25:39 that God desires for them to experience
25:42 and be a part of in their church?
25:45 >>I think our passage, Ephesians 4:1-16,
25:49 is really, really helpful for us here.
25:51 I like the fact that verse 14 is there;
25:53 it acknowledges the reality of
25:55 less-than-perfect situations in local congregations.
25:59 But again, Paul is gonna point us
26:01 to the wondrous theological realities.
26:04 The fact that your congregation is haggling
26:07 about this, that, or the other,
26:11 the carpet in the renovation, or whatever it might be,
26:14 is a kind of surface issue.
26:17 And you can certainly acknowledge that surface issue
26:20 in prayer before the Lord and say,
26:21 "You know this challenge and this issue.
26:24 "But thank You for helping us live
26:28 "into the true unity of the church.
26:31 "Thank You for bringing the power of the gospel
26:34 to bear upon our church fellowship."
26:37 >>So there's encouragement there,
26:39 and we hope that you are encouraged.
26:41 The reality is not everything is perfect in Christ's church.
26:46 But the reality is also
26:48 that everything is perfect in Christ Jesus.
26:51 And when we take a look at His exalted status
26:54 and His power and what He desires to do in the church,
26:59 and even in your local church, there should be hope.
27:02 In fact, indeed, there is hope and a great deal of it.
27:07 We're going to continue,
27:08 as we go through the book of Ephesians,
27:10 seeing some very practical advice
27:12 that Paul gives to those of us living today,
27:16 in the very closing hours of earth's history,
27:19 so that we can be encouraged,
27:21 we can be strengthened, we can be emboldened
27:25 to be exactly what Jesus wants us to be.
27:29 And in the remaining weeks
27:30 as we study the book of Ephesians,
27:31 we're going to see that in very, very clear ways.
27:35 We trust that you've been blessed this week
27:37 as we've looked at "The Unified Body of Christ."
27:39 And we look forward to seeing you again next week
27:41 as we continue our study in the book of Ephesians.
27:44 This has been "Sabbath School,"
27:46 brought to you by It Is Written.
27:48 (uplifting theme music)
28:26 (music ends)


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Revised 2023-08-03