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Series Code: IIWSS
Program Code: IIWSS023035S
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00:13 (music ends) 00:16 >>Welcome to "Sabbath School," 00:17 brought to you by It Is Written. 00:19 We're glad that you could join us again this week 00:21 as we are continuing our study of the book of Ephesians. 00:24 This week we are on lesson number 10, 00:27 "Husbands and Wives: Together at the Cross." 00:31 A very interesting subject that we're going to 00:34 be looking at this week, 00:36 and we're glad that you could journey through it with us. 00:38 Let's begin with prayer. 00:40 Father, we thank You for being with us 00:42 along our study of the book of Ephesians. 00:45 And as we are looking at a very interesting subject today, 00:48 we ask that You'll bless us 00:49 with a greater and deeper understanding of it 00:51 and an understanding of You and Your plan for our lives. 00:55 We ask that You'll bless our time together this week. 00:57 We thank You, in Jesus' name. 00:59 Amen. 01:01 We're grateful to be back again this week 01:02 with the author of the Sabbath school lesson, 01:04 Dr. John McVay. 01:06 He's the president of Walla Walla University. 01:08 John, welcome back. 01:09 >>Delighted to be with you Eric. 01:10 >>So this has been a bit of a journey, 01:13 and it's almost-- >>Yes, it has. 01:14 >>...almost over, not over yet. 01:16 >>Not over yet. 01:18 >>But we're getting closer, lesson number 10, and this one 01:20 is "Husbands and Wives: Together at the Cross." 01:25 So Paul is gonna get into some interesting things 01:28 here this week. Some things that are misunderstood, 01:32 and we're going to try to un-misunderstand them, 01:35 (Dr. McVay laughs) as it were. 01:36 >>Sure. >>But, 01:37 but what is Paul talking about here this week 01:39 in Ephesians, chapter 5? 01:41 There's this section, verses 21-33, 01:44 that Paul delves into something, 01:47 some interesting subjects here. 01:48 What's this about? >>Yes, he does. 01:50 Chapter 5, verses 21-33 is Paul's counsel 01:55 to Christian wives first, 01:58 and then he spills most of his ink on counsel, 02:02 Eric, to Christian husbands, all right? 02:05 So he's talking about wives and then husbands. 02:08 This is part of a bit broader passage 02:11 that we'll study the two additional sets 02:15 of relationships next week, 02:18 but the first set of relationships that he deals with, 02:21 in what we could call "rules for the Christian household," 02:24 wives, husbands, 02:26 then he moves to children, parents, 02:28 and then finally he moves-- 02:29 and this is the most challenging one of all, isn't it?-- 02:32 he moves to slaves and slave masters. 02:36 And that's where we really get 02:37 a kind of catch in our throat here to realize 02:40 that if you and I were sitting 02:42 in a Christian house church some place in greater Ephesus, 02:47 and we were looking around the circle, 02:49 and we understood the customs 02:53 and morals of the time, we would be able to look around 02:57 and, based upon how people were dressed, 02:59 we'd be able to say, "She's a slave," "He's a slave," 03:03 "Oh, that's the slave master," and so on. 03:06 And it's a little daunting, isn't it? 03:08 To think about sitting in that circle 03:10 and looking out and participating 03:12 in a Christian worship service and realizing 03:15 that there in that circle of wonderful people 03:18 at that house church are both slaves and slave masters. 03:23 >>So with that context in mind, 03:25 help us understand this household code-- 03:28 >>Sure. >>...that Paul is, 03:31 he's introducing us to it. >>Right. 03:33 >>It would've been a little more familiar back then 03:35 to his readers, 03:36 but we're very much strangers to what's going on here. 03:41 Help us understand that. 03:42 >>It's actually Martin Luther that put the German term 03:45 to this--"houstafel," or household code, house code-- 03:50 and so it's rules for the Christian household 03:52 or, a little more technically, a household code. 03:56 And it harks back, 03:57 clear back to the fourth century before Christ 04:01 to a guy that you'll have met before: (chuckles) Aristotle. 04:06 And Aristotle argues that three sets of relationships 04:11 are at the very foundation of human society. 04:13 And guess what those relationships are? 04:16 >>Probably the ones-- >>Marriage-- 04:18 >>...that Paul's talking about here. 04:19 >>...marriage, parents-children, 04:22 and slave master-slaves, 04:26 and this kind of caught on as a way 04:29 of talking about households. 04:32 And we also have to think about the first century 04:36 and what "household" meant, 04:38 because you and I, when we think "household," 04:40 we think Western nuclear family, 04:44 mom and dad and 2.3 kids, right? 04:46 I mean, that's what we think of. 04:48 But in the first century context, 04:50 "household" was broader than that. 04:53 It included the master and his wife 04:57 and his children, but it also included slaves, 05:02 and it included clients and patrons 05:06 and even customers. 05:08 So it's a broader understanding 05:11 of what household meant in the first century 05:14 rather than the, necessarily, our nuclear family today. 05:18 And so Paul is trying to reflect 05:22 with those early believers 05:24 on the relationships, as they were structured, 05:27 in the Greco-Roman society of the first century. 05:30 And he's trying to fill those husks of relationships-- 05:34 thinking particularly of slavery-- 05:36 fill those husks with the values of the gospel somehow 05:40 and to see a transformation happening 05:42 because they're modeling their behavior on Jesus. 05:46 >>And if Paul is talking about this household code, 05:49 if he's bringing it up, 05:51 if he's spending this much room in his letter talking 05:54 about the household code, 05:55 it would stand to reason that there 05:57 were some differing views of what a household code 06:01 would look like back in those days. 06:03 How is his view very different from others? 06:08 >>Well, it's a really good question. We can turn-- 06:12 there's lots of ancient authors deal with this topic 06:16 of household relationships. 06:18 And so, with a little bit of work, 06:21 we can set Paul's counsel here 06:23 and then set alongside it some of these other documents. 06:27 And we tend to read Paul's counsel 06:30 as kind of archaic 06:32 and out of step with our times, 06:35 and it feels really old fashioned. 06:38 Does it feel the same when you set it alongside counsel 06:41 from back then, is a good and active question, isn't it? 06:45 There's one document that I like to go to because it, 06:48 the difference is pretty stark. 06:50 It's actually a Jewish document called "Sirach." 06:53 And "Sirach" dates to 06:55 about the early second century before Christ. 06:59 So here's a sample of the kind of counsel that was 07:02 more or less common in the time of Paul still. 07:06 This document and others were well known, 07:08 and other writers contemporary with Paul 07:11 were treating this in similar ways. They're basically, 07:15 the others who write on this, are basically interested 07:18 in one thing, and that is the husband, father, 07:23 slave masters' honor and reputation. 07:26 And he needs to structure his relationships 07:31 so that his ego gets stroked, his reputation is built; 07:36 that's what the other advice is about. 07:38 So let me give you a sample here 07:40 from "Sirach" about wives and husbands: 07:44 "Do you have a wife who pleases you? Do not divorce her; 07:47 "but do not trust yourself 07:48 to one whom you detest." 07:51 That's cheerful marriage counsel, right? 07:53 >>That's probably not what you're gonna hear 07:55 in many counseling sessions today. 07:57 >>I hope not. It advises fathers concerning the treatment 08:02 of a son this way: 08:03 "He who loves his son will whip him often.... 08:06 "Pamper a child, and he will terrorize you; 08:08 "play with him, and he will grieve you.... 08:10 "Discipline your son and make his yoke heavy, 08:13 so that you may not be offended by his shamelessness." 08:17 >>That's, again-- 08:18 >>"Spare the rod and spoil the child" to an extreme. 08:21 >>Yeah, but this is on steroids. 08:22 >>(laughing) This is on steroids. 08:24 And what about that slavery relationship?: 08:27 "Fodder and a stick and burdens for a donkey; 08:31 "bread and discipline and work for a slave.... 08:34 "Yoke and thong will bow the neck [of an ox], 08:38 "and for a wicked slave there are racks and tortures." 08:43 So now set that kind of counsel, 08:45 which is more or less characteristic 08:47 of the time, against Paul's, 08:49 and Paul's starts to sing and shine, doesn't it? 08:52 For one thing, 08:54 they never address the subjugated partner, 08:58 and yet Paul addresses that individual first, 09:02 the wife first, the children first, the slave first. 09:06 Isn't that interesting? 09:07 >>So it's almost turning things on its head or-- 09:11 >>And if you watch what he does here, 09:13 just as we saw in his counsel to wives and husbands, 09:18 he's spilling most of his ink and most of his attention 09:21 on limiting the power of the husband, the father, 09:27 and the slave master by asking that person 09:30 to model his behavior on the behavior of Christ. 09:34 >>All right, so we've got a very different viewpoint 09:36 than the rest of the world. 09:38 What is a common view of some of these passages 09:43 that we're looking at right now, compared to 09:46 maybe what we're seeing in it? >>Sure. 09:48 >>It's perhaps a little different than 09:50 what you'll typically hear Christian commentators 09:53 or others saying about these passages. 09:56 >>Well, sometimes, particularly in an academic context, 10:00 this passage, speaking of chapter 5:21-33, 10:04 but also the household code as a whole 10:07 gets dismissed as a child of its time, 10:10 as holding no real value 10:15 or truth for us to think about today 10:18 because it's simply Paul 10:22 trying to conform Christian behavior to what is expected 10:26 in the wider world. 10:27 Now, there's others, though, who take the perspective 10:31 I'm advocating here that, in fact, 10:33 if you study this passage carefully, 10:35 the household code carefully, 10:37 Paul is actually going out of his way 10:40 to critique the patterns of patriarchal authority 10:43 and behavior that were expected in the time, 10:46 and he's bounding them and constraining them 10:50 by the example of Jesus. 10:52 >>Oh, very interesting, very interesting. 10:55 Now, this metaphor, 10:59 Paul develops a marriage metaphor for the relationship 11:02 between Christ and His church. 11:03 What are some of the elements of this metaphor? 11:05 We see that in his writings, and we see it, 11:08 some of it happening here. 11:09 >>You know, get ready. 11:10 This is for me just really, really beautiful. 11:13 So, he, verses 22-24, 11:17 he has a short section advising Christian wives 11:21 about their relationships with their husbands. 11:24 And then he has this much longer section, 11:27 verses 25-33, 11:31 where he advises Christian husbands. 11:33 What's interesting here is he gets a little caught up 11:36 in his sermon illustration. 11:37 Have you ever preached a sermon and you just, 11:39 you wanted to find a place for that really good story? 11:43 And sometimes the story can sort of take over the sermon. 11:47 It has a little bit of that sense here. 11:50 Paul wants to use the relationship between Christ 11:54 and His church as an example for Christian husbands. 11:58 But in verses 25-27 and 29, 12:02 he focuses on that to such an extent 12:05 that it kind of threatens to take over the passage, Eric, 12:08 to become the whole thing. 12:11 But in the midst of this 12:13 is really a fascinating way 12:17 that he goes about unpacking this metaphor. 12:20 So, here's the short story, 12:22 and then let's watch him do it. 12:24 He's gonna take all of the roles and customs 12:28 that were part of the ancient wedding and marriage, 12:31 and he's going to apply those things to Jesus. 12:36 So look at what he does here in verse 25 and following: 12:40 Jesus becomes the bride price. 12:43 We're operating here in a time 12:44 in which the groom had to pay, 12:48 and pay rather handsomely, for the bride. 12:51 This is a time when the village economies were based 12:55 on the exchanges of gifts that happened 12:57 at the time of weddings. 13:00 And so Jesus Christ gives himself up for her, 13:04 which I take to be Paul's way of saying 13:07 Jesus is Himself the bride price. 13:12 >>That's a huge price. >>That is a huge price. 13:14 >>That is a huge price. >>He gives Himself up for her. 13:17 And as you continue on here, 13:20 you will see that there are many other elements 13:23 of this ancient wedding that Paul highlights 13:27 and brings into focus thinking about Jesus. 13:31 So the next element of the ancient wedding ceremony 13:35 that he comes to here 13:37 is that Christ bathes His bride, verse 26. 13:41 So in preparation for the wedding, 13:43 Christ prepares her and bathes her. 13:46 Now, that's great theology, 13:48 but that's really rotten marriage etiquette 13:52 in either ancient times or modern times. 13:56 But Paul is, 13:57 Paul is producing great theology by taking every aspect 14:02 of the wedding ceremony and wedding customs of the time 14:06 and applying it to Jesus. 14:07 Look at the third thing that He does. 14:10 Christ speaks--again, verse 26-- 14:13 the word of promise. 14:15 So Christ is the one who speaks the word of promise, 14:19 probably in the betrothal ceremony, 14:21 which was part of the ancient wedding, 14:23 and He commits himself to the bride. 14:26 Number four, Christ presents the bride to Himself, 14:30 verse 27, presents the bride to Himself. 14:34 I'll come back to that because-- 14:36 well, let's go ahead and talk about it right now, 14:39 because in that presentation, really, 14:41 is embedded a beautiful picture 14:44 of the second coming of Jesus. 14:47 So at the Second Coming, He presents the bride to Himself. 14:50 Now again, poor, poor wedding planning-- 14:54 in ancient times, not so different from today, 14:57 the bride would've been given away by a best man, 15:00 best men, or her father, right? 15:03 Those would probably work quite nicely in our context today. 15:07 But the groom would never present the bride to Himself. 15:10 >>I haven't seen a wedding 15:12 where that happens yet. >>Haven't seen that. 15:13 This is a strange, strange wedding in some respects. 15:18 So, and finally, Christ dresses and adorns His bride, 15:22 verse 27, prepares her for the wedding, 15:25 prepares her for that grand wedding at His return. 15:29 So all of this together yields a powerful, 15:32 emotion-laden, inspiring theme 15:36 as we watch Paul concentrate the elements and roles 15:40 of the ancient wedding in Christ. And it's simply is this: 15:43 Jesus is everything to His church. 15:47 >>Very powerful. >>Jesus is everything to her. 15:50 And that's a wonderful idea and theme 15:52 that we watch him very skillfully 15:54 and artistically playing out here. 15:56 >>A beautiful picture that Paul is giving us here 15:59 of the relationship between Christ and His church. 16:03 And we're gonna delve more deeply into this passage 16:06 in just a moment. 16:07 I wanna encourage you, if you haven't done so yet, 16:09 please do pick up the companion book 16:12 to this quarter's Sabbath school lesson. 16:13 You will be blessed, as there is more information, 16:16 more stories, more depth 16:19 into everything that we are covering. 16:21 Where can you find it? 16:22 You can find it very easily 16:23 at itiswritten.shop. 16:25 Just look for the book 16:26 called "Ephesians" by John McVay 16:30 at itiswritten.shop. 16:32 In just a moment, we're going to come back 16:33 as we continue looking 16:35 at this incredible passage in chapter 5 of Ephesians. 16:38 We'll be right back. 16:39 (uplifting theme music swells and ends) 16:43 >>[John Bradshaw] It was given as a gift 16:45 by the wise men to the newborn Christ. 16:48 Later, an entire city named after the precious perfume 16:52 would feature prominently in the book of Revelation. 16:56 While exiled on Patmos, 16:58 John writes to a young church of Christian believers 17:01 in Smyrna to encourage them as they prepare 17:04 to endure fierce persecution at the hands 17:07 of a Roman emperor. 17:09 In a foreshadowing of what awaits God's people 17:11 in the last days, 17:13 the apostle shares Christ's message of hope: 17:16 "Do not fear any of those things 17:18 "which you are about to suffer.... Be faithful until death, 17:22 and I will give you the crown of life." 17:26 "The Seven Churches of Revelation: Smyrna." 17:29 Discover how Jesus can turn your trials into victories. 17:34 "The Seven Churches of Revelation: Smyrna," 17:38 brought to you by It Is Written TV. 17:43 You know that at It Is Written 17:45 we are serious about studying the Word of God. 17:47 and we encourage you to be serious as well. 17:50 Well, here's what you do if you wanna dig deeper 17:52 into God's Word. 17:53 Go to itiswritten.study 17:55 for the It Is Written Bible Study Guides online, 17:58 25 in-depth Bible studies that will take you 18:01 through the major teachings of the Bible. 18:03 You'll be blessed, and it's something 18:05 you'll want to tell others about as well: 18:07 itiswritten.study. 18:09 Go further: itiswritten.study. 18:13 (uplifting theme music) 18:17 >>[Eric Flickinger] Welcome back to "Sabbath School," 18:19 brought to you by It Is Written. 18:21 We're continuing our study of lesson number 10, 18:24 looking at "Husbands and Wives: Together at the Cross." 18:28 So, John, we've looked at a very interesting metaphor 18:30 that Paul gives us of a wedding and the role 18:34 that the bride and the groom are playing together. 18:38 But as you mentioned, 18:41 Paul talks about wives first and then husbands 18:46 in this passage that he's sharing here with us. 18:51 In what way is Christ supposed to be the example 18:54 for the Christian wives as well? 18:56 We see how He's supposed to be for the husbands. 18:59 What about the wives? >>Sure. 19:00 >>What do we see there? 19:01 >>My argument would be that Christ 19:03 is the ultimate example for both. 19:05 And as we start the passage, 19:09 chapter 5, verses 22-33--or 21-33-- 19:13 we should note that verse 21 is a hinge verse 19:17 between what goes before and our passage of counsel 19:20 to wives and husbands. 19:22 We know that because verse 22 has no verb in it. 19:26 So, "wives, submit to your own husbands, 19:29 as to the Lord" actually borrows 19:31 from the verb in verse 21, 19:33 which talks about members of the church 19:36 submitting to one another, 'kay? 19:38 And then Paul is going to unpack that, giving some examples 19:42 of how he imagines that submission occurring. 19:47 So it says, 19:49 "Wives, submit to your own husbands, as to the Lord," 19:52 and that little phrase is a bit tricky for us 19:56 because we can tend to read the verse 19:58 as though it were saying, 20:00 "Wives, submit yourselves to your husband, 20:04 "as though he were Christ. 20:07 Put your husband in the place of Christ." 20:10 And that somehow feels a little challenging to us, 20:13 and it should, I think. 20:14 Fortunately, we have a parallel passage 20:19 in Colossians, chapter 3, verse 18. 20:25 So, turning over a couple of books to Colossians, 20:28 Colossians also has one of these household codes. 20:32 And, in fact, something we haven't mentioned to this point, 20:36 Colossians and Ephesians 20:37 have a very close literary relationship with each other. 20:41 They're covering much the same thing, 20:43 kind of written on the same outline. 20:45 Ephesians adds a lot about the church, 20:49 and it's, there's an argument about which came first, 20:51 but what's clear is that they're closely related. 20:56 And so notice how Paul puts it 20:58 in chapter 3, verse 18 of Colossians: 21:00 "Wives, submit to your husbands, 21:03 as is fitting in the Lord." 21:07 And so, it's worth thinking carefully about this. 21:13 Does Paul mean that a wife is to submit to her husband 21:16 as though he were Christ? 21:17 Or does he mean that Christ is the truest 21:21 and highest focus of her devotions? 21:24 And I would argue that it's the latter, 21:26 and it coheres with a wonderful statement that's included 21:31 in Friday's lesson from a book called "The Adventist Home": 21:35 "There is One who stands higher than the husband 21:38 "to the wife; it is her Redeemer, 21:42 "and her submission to her husband is to be rendered 21:45 "as God has directed-- 21:48 'as...is fit in the Lord.'" 21:50 And so we should probably take that phrase 21:53 as a signal that there's an even higher, 21:56 more important ultimate relationship 21:58 for the wife than her relationship with the husband. 22:02 >>So, clearer insights here by comparing, 22:05 and this is just good Bible study, 22:06 comparing Ephesians-- >>Yes. 22:08 >>...with Colossians and not reading too much into something 22:11 that might be, well, misunderstood, 22:13 which unfortunately many people seem to misunderstand there. 22:17 You know, as we're looking here in Ephesians, chapter 5, 22:20 Paul makes a reference 22:22 to the book of Genesis. 22:26 And how does this reference that he makes 22:28 to the book of Genesis feed into 22:31 what we're looking at this week? 22:34 >>It seems to me that Paul is going somewhere 22:38 with his rhetoric in this passage. 22:41 So he starts out using submission language and so on, 22:44 but he's headed somewhere. 22:47 And where he is headed is a quotation or a citation 22:52 of Genesis, chapter 2, verse 24. 22:55 As he gives it there in verse 31, it reads like this: 23:00 "Therefore"--breaking into the creation story, right?-- 23:04 "Therefore a man shall leave his father and mother"-- 23:08 so who is it that leaves? >>The man. 23:10 >>The man, interestingly enough. 23:12 "Therefore a man shall leave his father 23:14 "and mother and hold fast to his wife, 23:18 "and the two shall become 23:22 one flesh." 23:25 Now, what's fascinating is that there, 23:27 if you read the creation story, 23:30 there is a verse readily at hand that he could have used 23:34 to underline the idea of the submission of the wife 23:37 to her husband, right? 23:38 And that's in chapter 3, verse 16: 23:41 "Your desire shall be for your husband, 23:43 and he shall rule over you." 23:45 Now, that statement comes after the Fall. 23:49 It interests me that Paul chooses 23:51 a word of marriage advice, if you will, 23:56 echoing from Eden before the Fall. 24:00 Do you see that? And so he's holding up 24:02 this "one flesh" model of marriage, 24:06 and he's working through it. Along the way, 24:09 he's kind of teasing husbands by saying, 24:12 "You don't beat up on yourself, do you?" 24:14 And you're supposed to say, "No, I don't." 24:16 >>[Eric] Right. >>Right? (chuckles) 24:17 That would be a strange form of sadism or ma-- 24:20 >>Sure, yeah. 24:21 >>It would be a bad thing. 24:23 And he says you're not gonna beat up on yourself, 24:26 and you're one with your wife, so don't-- 24:29 why would you mistreat her or beat up on her? 24:32 To beat up on her is to beat up on yourself 24:34 because you are one. Interesting argumentation, 24:39 and so then he comes to this culmination 24:42 of his argument in Genesis, chapter 2, verse 24 24:45 and puts forward the "one flesh" model of marriage. 24:48 We have a number of models of marriage 24:51 that float around today. 24:52 But I wonder if we took this "one flesh" model seriously, 24:56 what advice it would have for us. 24:59 >>It would look a whole lot different. 25:01 >>The other models tend to pit the husband 25:04 over against the wife, vice versa, how, you know-- 25:07 but a "one flesh" model says, who are they together? 25:10 What could they do and accomplish together? 25:13 And I rather like the enrichment that that "one flesh" model 25:17 that Paul puts forward brings to the marriage relationship. 25:21 >>So, one might say, 25:22 "Well, sure, that's all great in theory. 25:25 "In a perfect world we'd be one, 25:28 "and husbands and wives would get along, 25:30 "and everything would be rose petals and rainbows, 25:34 "and everything would be great. 25:37 "What about in the real world where maybe things 25:40 are a little bit imperfect?" 25:42 >>Oh, that's a great question, 25:44 because the passage can raise a picture 25:47 of white picket fences and neatly mowed lawns 25:50 and 2.3 children, right? 25:52 But I think there are many hints in our passage 25:54 that Paul understands that Christian marriages 25:57 can be less than ideal. 25:59 He seems to be addressing husbands who are inclined 26:02 to abuse their wives and warning them from it. 26:06 Chapter 5, verses 3-11, 26:08 looking back a little bit, 26:09 the temptation of immorality and sexual immorality 26:13 and disloyalty in one's marriage from a sexual standpoint 26:17 seems close at hand and all of that. 26:19 If we can go back still further to a wonderful passage, 26:23 chapter 3, verse 14, 26:24 there's a little word play that's important: 26:27 "For this reason I bow my knees before the Father"-- 26:29 "pater" in Greek-- 26:31 "from whom every family"--"patria"-- 26:35 "in heaven and on earth is named." 26:38 And so Paul in that passage lays claim on behalf 26:42 of the Father, His Son Jesus Christ, the Holy Spirit, 26:45 lays claim to every family, 26:49 imperfect though they may be. 26:51 They are the subjects of God's forgiveness and God's grace. 26:56 He's drawing your family into His grand plan 27:01 to unify all things in Christ. 27:03 And He imagines your family and mine 27:05 and every imperfect family on our planet 27:07 as united in Christ and part of that grand plan. 27:12 So, this is not about perfect families with no issues 27:16 and no problems. This is about an invasion of God's grace 27:20 into real lives and real families. 27:23 >>And just imagine what the Christian world, 27:25 what the whole world could be like 27:27 if each family would allow him to be a part of it. 27:30 Imagine what your family could be like. 27:32 Imagine what your neighbors, 27:34 your friends' families could be like. 27:36 Imagine what every person could be like if Christ lived 27:41 and reigned in the heart. 27:43 Well, that's a picture that we're seeing here 27:45 of what Paul's desire and hope is through the grace 27:48 and power and strength of Jesus Christ. 27:51 And we're continuing to see more of that 27:54 as Paul leads us through the book of Ephesians. 27:58 We're looking forward to seeing you again next week 28:00 as we continue this journey. Until then, 28:03 may God bless you, and we'll see you again next time 28:06 on "Sabbath School," 28:06 brought to you by It Is Written. 28:09 (uplifting theme music) 28:26 (music ends) |
Revised 2023-08-24